Bletchley Park

http://www.bletchleypark.org.uk/

The Zimmermann Telegram Background Between 1914 and the spring of 1917, the European nations engaged in a conflict that became known as World War I. While armies moved across the face of Europe, the United States remained neutral. The Little-Known Story of the Night Witches, an All-Female Force in WWII In the Nazi-occupied Soviet Union, German soldiers had a very real fear of witches. Namely, the “Night Witches,” an all-female squadron of bomber pilots who ran thousands of daring bombing raids with little more than wooden planes and the cover of night—and should be as celebrated as their male counterparts. This month marks the 73rd anniversary of the start of their pioneering service. The Enigma Collection The Enigma Collection is meant to be a Web portal for information about the German cipher machine Enigma in all it variations. In the beginning this Web page should be seen as a kind of note board where I post information when my time and energy allows me to do so. Later on, the page hopefully will take on a more definitive form and perhaps it will even be more pleasing to the eye.

Athens 1944: Britain’s dirty secret This article is the subject of a column by the readers’ editor. “I can still see it very clearly, I have not forgotten,” says Títos Patríkios. “The Athens police firing on the crowd from the roof of the parliament in Syntagma Square. How India Bailed Out The West In World War II - Swarajya Seventy years ago, this month, Germany surrendered to the Allies to end World War II in Europe. It is time India’s game-changing contribution to the victory is acknowledged in the actual context of Britain’s limitations. Also, what India got in return. One of the little known facts about World War II is that it was India’s contribution of men and material that bailed out the West. Over 2.6 million Indian troops played a decisive role in the greatest conflict of the 20th century and helped Britain stay in the fight.

Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers Colossus at wartime Bletchley Park. Table of Contents Colossus and two operators from the Women’s Royal Naval Service, Dorothy Du Boisson (left) and Elsie Booker.2 The Lorenz Schlüsselzusatz (cipher attachment) was code-named ‘Tunny’ by the British.3

Dickey Chapelle - Women War Reporters Dickey Chapelle: 1919-1965 “That was the goddamndest thing I ever saw anybody do in my life! Do you realize – all the artillery and half the snipers on both sides of this f**king war had ten full minutes to make up their mind about you?” The Truth in the Tale About Fanta and Nazis - Modern Notion There’s nothing quite like the taste of Fanta to quench the thirst of evildoers during wartime. Some believe that may as well be the slogan for the tongue-staining orange drink: Fanta emerged from warring Germany in the 1940s, and apparently was created specifically to sate the Nazi thirst. I myself hadn’t heard of this association between the Third Reich and my all-time favorite soda—until recently, when I found myself in Berlin. Wandering through its streets, past the restored Reichstag building that Hitler (allegedly) had set on fire, and the Gestapo’s former headquarters, I came across the tale of Max Keith, the German who popularized Fanta and supposedly made the Nazis his target market. “When you drink Fanta Orange, that’s the Nazi drink,” says Michael Moore emphatically, in this documentary clip. Everywhere, I began to see the soda—most shockingly, I felt, in the café of Berlin’s Jewish Museum.

Enigma machine goes on display at The Alan Turing Institute - The Alan Turing Institute Today an original Enigma machine has gone on display at The Alan Turing Institute. The Enigma M4 machine arrives at The Alan Turing Institute on loan from GCHQ (photographer credit Clare Kendall). The machine is loaned for display from GCHQ, who have partnered with the Institute to undertake research into data science for defence and security. The display aims to celebrate the legacy of Alan Turing and his fellow code-breakers at Bletchley Park who famously broke the enigma cipher, and recognise the continuing scientific legacy of Turing’s pioneering work in mathematics, statistics, engineering and computing, which lives on at The Alan Turing Institute. The Enigma machine on display was manufactured in 1944 and used exclusively for the encryption of communications between the U-boat division of the German Navy and its Naval bases.

70 years on, Primo Levi’s If This is A Man is still a powerful reminder of what it means to be human When he was captured by the Fascist militia in December of 1943, Primo Levi (1919-1987) preferred to declare his status as an “Italian citizen of the Jewish race” than admit to the political activities of which he was suspected, which he supposed would have resulted in torture and certain death. As a Jew, he was consequently sent to a detention camp at Fossoli, which assembled all the various categories of persons no longer welcome in the recently established Fascist Republic. Two months later, following the inspection of a small squad of German SS men, he was loaded onto a train, together with all the other Jewish members of the camp, for expatriation from the Republic altogether. His destination, he was to learn, was Auschwitz; a name that at the time held no significance for him, but that initially provided a sense of relief, since it at least implied “some place on this earth”. Of the 650 who departed Fossoli that day, only three would return.

Frode Weierud’s CryptoCellar The Enigma Collection is meant to be a Web portal for information about the German cipher machine Enigma in all it variations. In the beginning this Web page should be seen as a kind of note board where I post information when my time and energy allows me to do so. Later on, the page hopefully will take on a more definitive form and perhaps it will even be more pleasing to the eye. For the time being the most important issue is to have a place where I can publish my Enigma notes. At the moment I am working on a detailed history of the Enigma and when this will be published, hopefully next year, I plan to publish here many of my research notes and other documents. Enigma Publications

The Remarkable, War-Torn, Spacefaring History of the Slinky The toy became a national phenomenon by the 1950s. But as the decade wore on, James's personal interest in the business waned. He became enthralled with a religious cult in Bolivia, and he began donating money to the group shortly after. One morning in 1960, James told his family he was moving to Bolivia to join the cult and serve as a missionary.