Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, or simply Three Dialogues, is a 1713 book on metaphysics and idealism written by George Berkeley. Taking the form of a dialogue, the book was written as a response to the criticism Berkeley experienced after publishing A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge.[1] Background[edit] In 1709, Berkeley published his first major work, An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision, in which he discussed the limitations of human vision and advanced the theory that the proper objects of sight are not material objects, but light and colour.[3] This foreshadowed his chief philosophical work, A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710), which, after its poor reception, he rewrote into the Three Dialogues (1713).[1] Hylas and Philonous[edit] Berkeley's views are represented by Philonous (Greek: "lover of mind"), while Hylas (Greek: "matter") embodies the Irish thinker's opponents, in particular John Locke. See also[edit] Notes[edit]
Witchcraft The belief in and the practice of magic has been present since the earliest human cultures and continues to have an important religious and medicinal role in many cultures today.[1] "Magic is central not only in 'primitive' societies but in 'high cultural' societies as well. The concept of witchcraft as harmful is often treated as a cultural ideology providing a scapegoat for human misfortune.[3][4] This was particularly the case in the early modern period of Europe where witchcraft came to be seen as part of a vast diabolical conspiracy of individuals in league with the Devil undermining Christianity, eventually leading to large-scale witch-hunts, especially in Protestant Europe. Etymology[edit] From the Old English wiccecræft, compound of "wicce" ("witch") and "cræft" ("craft").[7] Definitions[edit] As in anthropology, European witchcraft is seen by historians as an ideology for explaining misfortune; however, this ideology manifested in diverse ways. Demonology[edit] White witches[edit]
Theosophical Society History[edit] Formation[edit] Notes of the meeting proposing the formation of the Theosophical Society, New York City, 8 September 1875 The Theosophical Society was officially formed in New York City, United States, on 17 November 1875 by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Colonel Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge, and others. To form a nucleus of the universal brotherhood of humanity without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste, or colour.To encourage the study of comparative religion, philosophy, and science.To investigate the unexplained laws of nature and the powers latent in man. Sympathy with the above objects was the sole condition of admission to the society. ARTICLE I: Constitution 4. The Society reformulated this view in a resolution passed by the General Council of the Theosophical Society on December 23, 1924.[6] Seal of the Theosophical Society, Budapest, Hungary The Hidden Masters[edit] Schisms[edit] Main building of the Theosophical Society in Adyar, India, 1890 See also[edit]
Nicolas Malebranche Nicolas Malebranche, Oratory of Jesus (; French: [nikɔlɑ malbrɑ̃ʃ]; 6 August 1638 – 13 October 1715), was a French Oratorian[1] priest and rationalist philosopher. In his works, he sought to synthesize the thought of St. Augustine and Descartes, in order to demonstrate the active role of God in every aspect of the world. Malebranche is best known for his doctrines of vision in God, occasionalism and ontologism. Biography[edit] Early years[edit] Malebranche was born in Paris in 1638, the youngest child of Nicolas Malebranche, secretary to King Louis XIII of France, and Catherine de Lauzon, sister of Jean de Lauson, a Governor of New France. In 1664, Malebranche first read Descartes' Treatise on Man, an account of the physiology of the human body. Philosophical career[edit] In 1674–75, Malebranche published the two volumes of his first and most extensive philosophical work. Malebranche expanded on this last point in 1680 when he published Treatise on Nature and Grace. Timeline[edit]
Hidden message Information that is not noticeable A hidden message is information that is not immediately noticeable, and that must be discovered or uncovered and interpreted before it can be known. Hidden messages include backwards audio messages, hidden visual messages and symbolic or cryptic codes such as a crossword or cipher. Description[edit] The information in hidden messages is not immediately noticeable; it must be discovered or uncovered, and interpreted before it can be known. Backward audio messages[edit] A backward message in an audio recording is only fully apparent when the recording is played reversed. Backmasking[edit] Backmasking has been a controversial topic in the United States since the 1980s, when allegations of its use for Satanic purposes were made against prominent rock musicians, leading to record-burnings and proposed anti-backmasking legislation by state and federal governments. Phonetic reversal[edit] Visual messages[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] External links[edit]
Havelock Ellis Henry Havelock Ellis, known as Havelock Ellis (2 February 1859 – 8 July 1939), was an English physician, writer, progressive intellectual and social reformer who studied human sexuality. He co-authored the first medical textbook in English on homosexuality in 1897, and also published works on a variety of sexual practices and inclinations, as well as on transgender psychology. He is credited[by whom?] with introducing the notions of narcissism and autoeroticism, later adopted by psychoanalysis. Ellis was among the pioneering investigators of psychedelic drugs and the author of one of the first written reports to the public about an experience with mescaline, which he conducted on himself in 1896. Early life and teaching career[edit] Ellis, son of Edward Peppen Ellis and Susannah Mary Wheatley, was born in Croydon, Surrey (now part of Greater London). Medicine and psychology[edit] In 1897 a bookseller was prosecuted for stocking Ellis's book. Eonism[edit] Marriage[edit] Eugenics[edit]
Longman World History Hindu Creation Myth and the Caste System About the Document The Aryan invasion of the subcontinent around 1,500 B.C.E. brought with it a new religion that featured a pantheon of gods that the Aryans worshiped through ritualism and with burnt sacrifices. Over the next thousand years, the religion matured, probably incorporating some elements of Harappan theology and certainly establishing a rigid social structure. Centuries later, Europeans would dub this five-tiered social structure "the caste system." The caste system became a central element of both Hindu theology and Indian society. Around 500 B.C.E., Indians began to record their extensive oral religious traditions in what has become known as the Vedic literature. The Document From the Rig-Veda Thousand-headed Purusha, thousand-eyed, thousand-footed he, having pervaded the earth on all sides, still extends ten fingers beyond it. Purusha alone is all this—whatever has been and whatever is going to be. From The Law of Manu
Talisman Object believed to contain certain magical impacts A talisman is any object ascribed with religious or magical powers intended to protect, heal, or harm individuals for whom they are made. Talismans are often portable objects carried on someone in a variety of ways, but can also be installed permanently in architecture. Talismans are closely linked with amulets, fulfilling many of the same roles, but a key difference is in their form and materiality, with talismans often taking the form of objects (eg., clothing, weaponry, or parchment) which are inscribed with magic texts.[1] Talismans have been used in many civilizations throughout history, with connections to astrological, scientific, and religious practices; but the theory around preparation and use has changed in some cultures with more recent, new age, talismanic theory. Etymology[edit] Christian talisman (Breverl), 18th century Preparation of talismans[edit] New Age[edit] Islam[edit] Uses of talismans[edit] Islam[edit] Examples[edit]