HFEA

Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Adopted by the 18th WMA General Assembly, Helsinki, Finland, June 1964 and amended by the:29th WMA General Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 197535th WMA General Assembly, Venice, Italy, October 198341st WMA General Assembly, Hong Kong, September 198948th WMA General Assembly, Somerset West, Republic of South Africa, October 199652nd WMA General Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland, October 2000 53rd WMA General Assembly, Washington DC, USA, October 2002 (Note of Clarification added)55th WMA General Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 2004 (Note of Clarification added)59th WMA General Assembly, Seoul, Republic of Korea, October 200864th WMA General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil, October 2013 Preamble 1. The Declaration is intended to be read as a whole and each of its constituent paragraphs should be applied with consideration of all other relevant paragraphs. 2. General Principles 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Risks, Burdens and Benefits 16. 17. 18. Vulnerable Groups and Individuals 19.

(DSTL) Defence Science and Technology Laboratory Tuskegee syphilis experiment A doctor draws blood from one of the Tuskegee test subjects. The Tuskegee syphilis experiment (/tʌsˈkiːɡiː/)[1] was an infamous clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 by the U.S. Public Health Service to study the natural progression of untreated syphilis in rural African American men who thought they were receiving free health care from the U.S. government.[1] The Public Health Service started working with the Tuskegee Institute in 1932. The 40-year study was controversial for reasons related to ethical standards, primarily because researchers knowingly failed to treat patients appropriately after the 1940s validation of penicillin as an effective cure for the disease they were studying. By 1947, penicillin had become the standard treatment for syphilis. History[edit] Study clinicians[edit] Taliaferro Clark Oliver Wenger The venereal disease section of the U.S. Wenger and his staff played a critical role in developing early study protocols. Raymond A. Raymond A. Study details[edit]

Physiological Society Declaration of Helsinki The Declaration of Helsinki[1] is a set of ethical principles regarding human experimentation developed for the medical community by the World Medical Association (WMA). It is widely regarded as the cornerstone document on human research ethics.[2][3][4] It is not a legally binding instrument under the international law, but instead draws its authority from the degree to which it has been codified in, or influenced, national or regional legislation and regulations.[5] Its role was described by a Brazilian forum in 2000 in these words "Even though the Declaration of Helsinki is the responsibility of the World Medical Association, the document should be considered the property of all humanity".[5] History[edit] The Declaration was originally adopted on June 1964 in Helsinki, Finland, and has since undergone seven revisions (the most recent at the General Assembly in October 2013) and two clarifications, growing considerably in length from 11 paragraphs in 1964 to 37 in the 2013 version.

(RSC) Royal Society of Chemistry Research ethics The academic research enterprise is built on a foundation of trust. Researchers trust that the results reported by others are sound. Society trusts that the results of research reflect an honest attempt by scientists and other researchers to describe the world accurately and without bias. But this trust will endure only if the scientific community devotes itself to exemplifying and transmitting the values associated with ethical research conduct.[1] There are many ethical issues to be taken into serious consideration for research. Research ethics in a medical context is dominated by principlism, an approach that has been criticised as being decontextualised.[2] Research ethics is different throughout different types of educational communities. Research informants participating in individual or group interviews as well as ethnographic fieldwork are often required to sign an informed consent form which outlines the nature of the project. Key issues[edit] Honesty. See also[edit]

(IEE not IEEE) Institution of Electrical Engineers IEE logo The Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE, on lowercase letters: iee, pronounced I-double-E or I-E-E) was a British professional organisation of electronics, electrical, manufacturing, and Information Technology professionals, especially electrical engineers. It began in 1871 as the Society of Telegraph Engineers. In 2006, it ceased to exist independently, becoming part of the Institution of Engineering and Technology. Notable past presidents have included Lord Kelvin (1889), Sir Joseph Swan (1898) and Sebastian de Ferranti (1910–11). History[edit] The IEE was founded in 1871 as the Society of Telegraph Engineers, changed its name in 1880 to the Society of Telegraph Engineers and Electricians and changed it again to the Institution of Electrical Engineers in 1889. In 1980 the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) merged with the Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers (IERE), originally the British Institution of Radio Engineers (Brit IRE). See also[edit]

Trolley problem The trolley problem is a thought experiment in ethics, first introduced by Philippa Foot in 1967, but also extensively analysed by Judith Jarvis Thomson,[2][3] Peter Unger,[4] and Frances Kamm as recently as 1996.[5] Outside of the domain of traditional philosophical discussion, the trolley problem has been a significant feature in the fields of cognitive science and, more recently, of neuroethics. It has also been a topic on various TV shows dealing with human psychology.[citation needed] The general form of the problem is this: There is a runaway trolley barrelling down the railway tracks. Overview[edit] Foot's original formulation of the problem ran as follows: Suppose that a judge or magistrate is faced with rioters demanding that a culprit be found for a certain crime and threatening otherwise to take their own bloody revenge on a particular section of the community. Related problems[edit] The fat man[edit] One such is that offered by Judith Jarvis Thomson: Act utilitarians deny this.

Research Councils UK Ethics The three major areas of study within ethics are:[1] Meta-ethics, concerning the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions, and how their truth values (if any) can be determinedNormative ethics, concerning the practical means of determining a moral course of actionApplied ethics, concerning what a person is obligated (or permitted) to do in a specific situation or a particular domain of action[1] Defining ethics[edit] The word "ethics" in English refers to several things.[6] It can refer to philosophical ethics—a project that attempts to use reason in order to answer various kinds of ethical questions. [edit] Main article: Meta-ethics Meta-ethics asks how we understand, know about, and what we mean when we talk about what is right and what is wrong.[8] An ethical question fixed on some particular practical question—such as, "Should I eat this particular piece of chocolate cake?" Meta-ethics has always accompanied philosophical ethics. Normative ethics[edit] Virtue ethics[edit]

Research Council PhD Studentships - A Guide The seven UK Research Councils offer some of the most generous funding for PhD study at universities in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. This guide explains how Research Council PhD studentships work and how to apply for one. We’ve also put together a quick list of frequently asked questions about Research Council funding, including new eligibility details for international students. Who are the Research Councils? There are seven Research Councils, all part of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). Each Council focuses on specific subject areas: If you aren't sure which Council is right for your PhD, take a look at the individual guides linked to above. Bear in mind that Councils sometimes work together to fund interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary PhDs. Research Council studentship, or UKRI studentship? The seven Research Councils used to be part of Research Councils UK (RCUK) but this was reorganised into UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) in 2018. Academic requirements No. No.

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