Translatr : traduire un texte en plusieurs langues Table of Contents: Witchcraft and Magic in the Nordic Middle Ages 2010 | 384 pages | Cloth $49.95 | Paper $24.95 Religion | Anthropology View main book page Table of Contents PrefaceIntroductionChapter 1. Witchcraft and the PastChapter 2. Magic and Witchcraft in Daily LifeChapter 3. NotesWorks CitedIndexAcknowledgments Excerpt [uncorrected, not for citation] Preface This study examines the responses in the legal, literary, and popular cultures of the Nordic Middle Ages to the belief that there existed people capable of manipulating the world through magical practices. I argue, on the contrary, that much was happening and that an evaluation of this important meeting ground of church doctrine and vernacular belief systems in the period between the Viking Age and the early modern era has long been a desideratum, both for the study of witchcraft in Scandinavia itself and for the study of witchcraft in Europe more broadly. No less difficult has been the question of what terms to apply to the phenomena scrutinized in the following pages.
Akkadian cuneiform script and Akkadian language Akkadian was a semitic language spoken in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) between about 2,800 BC and 500 AD. It was named after the city of Akkad and first appeared in Sumerian texts dating from 2,800 BC in the form of Akkadian names. The Akkadian cuneiform script was adapted from Sumerian cuneiform in about 2,350 BC. At the same time, many Sumerian words were borrowed into Akkadian, and Sumerian logograms were given both Sumerian and Akkadian readings. In many ways the process of adapting the Sumerian script to the Akkadian language resembles the way the Chinese script was adapted to write Japanese. A large corpus of Akkadian texts and text fragments numbering hundreds of thousands has been excavated. Akkadian became the lingua franca of the ancient Near East, but started to be replaced by Aramaic by the 8th century BC. Notable features Some Akkadian Cuneiform glyphs Sample text Links Akkadian Dictionary
The Crown of Life: The Path of Yoga in Theory and Practice continued ... The Crown of Life CHAPTER TWOcontinued ... He who knows prana, knows the Vedas. - SANTIS Before dealing with pranayam, it is necessary to know what the pranas (the vital airs) are, their classification and functions, etc., in the body and how they act and the things allied with them. He who conquers the mind, conquers the world. The motor power behind the mind-stuff, as said already, is that of prana and hence the regulation and control of prana, the primal force in the Universe, is of prime importance and far above other psycho-physical disciplines. (a) Prana is concerned with the respiratory system. Besides these primary pranas, there are five other kinds of lesser importance, namely: (i) Naga which helps belching or eructation. These vital airs pervade the skin, bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments and the like. Plexuses and chakras Wherever several nerves, arteries or veins interlace each other, that point or center is called a plexus. Pranayam: Elementary exercises Pranic discipline
Ancient Scripts: Home L'écriture inclusive, que les antiféministes adorent détester "Souiller la langue française avec ce genre d'inepties pour incultes ne sauvera pas les femmes du harcèlement de rue ou de l'excision !" "Les poèmes de Musset et de Hugo auraient été be·lles·aux écrits comme ça... Bande d'abrutis". Relayé mardi 15 août sur les réseaux sociaux, l'article des Echos intitulé "L'écriture inclusive : et si on s'y mettait tou·te·s ?" a été vilipendé sur Twitter. Cette méthode d'écriture, promue par de nombreux militant·e·s féministes, vise à adopter une grammaire et une typographie qui rendent les femmes plus visibles dans notre langue. Qu'est-ce que l'écriture inclusive ? L'écriture inclusive est une technique d'écriture qui englobe des règles de grammaire et de syntaxe permettant d'assurer une représentation plus égalitaire des femmes et des hommes dans la langue française. La règle grammaticale selon laquelle le masculin l'emporte sur le féminin est également dans le viseur des partisans de l'écriture inclusive. Concrètement, comment l'utilise-t-on ?
LEMEGETON, Part 1;2: Goetia The 9th spirit in order is Paimon; a great king, & very Obedient to Lucifer, he appeareth in ye forme of a man, sitting one a dromedary, wh a Crowne most glorious on his head. Three [There] goeth before him a host of spirits like men with Trumpets and well sounding Cymballs, and all other sorts of musicall Instruments &c. he hath a great voice, and roareth at his first comming, and his speech [voice] is such as ye Magician cannot well understand, unless he compelleth him. [102r] The 10th spirit is Buer, a great president and appereth in that is his shape when ye is there, he teacheth Phylosophy [both] Morall & Naturall, & ye Logicall arts, & ye vertues of all hearbes & plants, & healeth all distempers in Man, & giveth (familiars) good familiars, he governeth over 50 Legions of spirits and this is his seale of obediance wch you must weare when you call him to apperance. The 12th spirit is Sitri, he is a great prince & appeareth at first with a Leopards face, and wings as a griffin. [103r]
Clues to Lost Prehistoric Code Discovered in Mesopotamia Researchers studying clay balls from Mesopotamia have discovered clues to a lost code that was used for record-keeping about 200 years before writing was invented. The clay balls may represent the world's "very first data storage system," at least the first that scientists know of, said Christopher Woods, a professor at the University of Chicago's Oriental Institute, in a lecture at Toronto's Royal Ontario Museum, where he presented initial findings. The balls, often called "envelopes" by researchers, were sealed and contain tokens in a variety of geometric shapes — the balls varying from golf ball-size to baseball-size. Only about 150 intact examples survive worldwide today. [See Photos of the Clay Balls & Lost Code] PHOTOS: Cryptic Codes Yet to Be Cracked The researchers used high-resolution CT scans and 3D modeling to look inside more than 20 examples that were excavated at the site of Choga Mish, in western Iran, in the late 1960s. PHOTOS: Ancient Etruscan Prince Emerges From Tomb
Internet History Sourcebooks 1. This project is both very large and fairly old in Internet terms. At the time it was instigated (1996), it was not clear that web sites [and the documents made available there] would often turn out to be transient. 2. 3. The Internet Medieval Sourcebook is organized as three main index pages, with a number of supplementary documents. INTRODUCTION: MEDIEVAL SOURCES ON THE INTERNET Historians teaching medieval history surveys almost always want to combine a textbook, a sourcebook, and additional readings. GOAL: The goal here then has been to construct an Internet Medieval Sourcebook from available public domain and copy-permitted texts. DOCUMENT SIZE: The size of documents for teaching purposes is an issue. TEXTS Since these texts come from a variety of printed materials, translators, and sources, they will vary in quality. USAGE: This Sourcebook is specifically designed for teachers to use in teaching. By pointing students to this web site. Patrick J. © This text is copyright.
English is one of the world's "weirdest" languages, say linguists Is English a “weird” language? Many of us might feel this is true when we’re trying to explain its complex spelling rules, or the meanings of idioms such as “it’s raining cats and dogs” to someone who is learning it. Teaching or learning any language is, however, never an easy task. But what is a “weird” language anyway? As linguists, we generally aim to be as objective as possible in the study of human language. We view ourselves as language scientists who make hypotheses about how humans use language and test them against linguistic data. Some computational linguists have, however, used data in the World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) to explore (tongue firmly in cheek) which languages might be considered the “weirdest.” Their aim was to find out which languages had the largest number of features that differed most from other languages. Critics though have claimed the survey indulged in cherry-picking only a few features of the world’s many languages. English sounds strange
Home | Ordo Templi Orientis | United Kingdom Grand Lodge Telling Tales in Proto-Indo-European (iStockphoto) By the 19th century, linguists knew that all modern Indo-European languages descended from a single tongue. Called Proto-Indo-European, or PIE, it was spoken by a people who lived from roughly 4500 to 2500 B.C., and left no written texts. The question became, what did PIE sound like? In 1868, German linguist August Schleicher used reconstructed Proto-Indo-European vocabulary to create a fable in order to hear some approximation of PIE. Schleicher originally rendered the fable like this: Avis akvāsas ka Avis, jasmin varnā na ā ast, dadarka akvams, tam, vāgham garum vaghantam, tam, bhāram magham, tam, manum āku bharantam. Here is the fable in English translation: The Sheep and the Horses A sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. And here is the modern reconstruction recited by Andrew Byrd. H2óu̯is h1éḱu̯ōs-kwe Here is an English translation of the story: The King and the God H3rḗḱs dei̯u̯ós-kwe
12-1 (2006): The Alchemist in Fiction: The Master Narrative Roslynn Haynes* Abstract: In Western culture, as expressed in fiction and film, the master narrative concerning science and the pursuit of knowledge perpetuates the archetype of the alchemist/scientist as sinister, dangerous, and possibly mad. Like all myths this story may appear simplistic but its recurrence suggests that it embodies complex ideas and suppressed desires and fears that each generation must work through. This paper explores some of the most influential examples of such characterization, links them to contemporary correlatives of the basic promises of alchemy and suggests reasons for the continuing power of such images. Keywords: alchemists in fiction, Frankenstein, Faust, characters, narratives. 1. The most widely known creation myth of modern times is not that of Genesis or Darwin but Frankenstein. The origins and trappings of this potent story lie in the precursor of chemistry, alchemy. 2. (a) The notion that all things are interchangeable and exist in a state of flux.