Ethics - Introduction to ethics: Ethics: a general introduction Cottingley fairies (Elsie Wright + Frances Griffiths) | fictive art Beginning in 1917, two English girls, Elsie Wright (1901-88) and Frances Griffiths (1907-86), made a series of five photographs that purported to show them with real fairies. Although suspected as fakes from the outset, the controversy over their status continued for decades. The girls began by taking photos in the beck behind Elsie's house in Cottingley, using her father's camera. Their first photo (at right, the most famous of the series) shows Frances in the background and a group of fairies in the foreground. At the time, sixteen-year-old Elsie was already a trained watercolorist and photographer with experience constructing composite photographs showing dead soldiers with their family and friends. However, compositing techniques were not used for the Cottingley fairy photos. These images are usually cited as part of the history of photo-fakery, which began quite early in the medium's development. Sources: cottingley.net; Wikipedia article on the Cottingley fairies.
Egyptian newspaper under fire over altered photo 15 September 2010Last updated at 18:26 President Mubarak leads the way in the altered al-Ahram image Egypt's state-run newspaper has come under fire for altering a photograph to suggest President Hosni Mubarak was leading the Middle East peace talks. Al-Ahram showed Mr Mubarak walking on a red carpet ahead of US President Barack Obama as well as the Israeli, Palestinian and Jordanian leaders. The original image, taken at the White House when talks were formally re-launched, shows Mr Obama leading the way and Mr Mubarak trailing behind. The original image from the White House, taken on 1 September Talks resumed in Egypt on Tuesday. The manipulated photograph ran above an article on page six of al-Ahram's Tuesday edition, entitled The Way to Sharm el-Sheikh. US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and US peace envoy George Mitchell travelled to the Egyptian Red Sea resort to mediate the discussions, which were hosted by President Mubarak. 'Crossed the line'
Ikea shuns photoshoots and uses 'wireframe 3D' to design its catalogue pictures By Eddie Wrenn Published: 10:53 GMT, 27 August 2012 | Updated: 11:23 GMT, 27 August 2012 Furniture maker Ikea has made its reputation - and fortune - by flat-packing easy-to-assemble products. But the Swedish firm's flatpacking philosophy seems to extend throughout the company - with many of the glossy kitchen images you see in its catalogue existing only in the imagination of a computer graphics designer. The company now shuns your typical kitchen-shoot - calling it a waste of money - instead using 3D software modelling tools like AutoCAD and Photoshop to recreate idyllic kitchen spaces. Real or fake? How your kitchen might actually look: This wireframe IKEA design is a bit more flatpacked than usual Speaking to the Wall Street Journal, the company said that 12 per cent of the images used on the company's website and 324-page catalogue are designed entirely on a PC. Next year, the company aims to increase this to 25 per cent. 'With real photography you're constrained by the four walls.
Most Blatant Uses of Photoshop in Magazines & Ads Admitting your flaws and putting them out to show the world is not what today's celebrities are known for. Unless of course you are Jamie Lee Curtis when she did a More magazine spread that showed her thighs in their true, unaltered form. When every magazine ad or cover is showing you a full color glossy of a perfect, beautiful woman or man you start to question yourself and ask if you measure up. But, as we should know, all of these images are 'chopped and cropped', touched up or digitally manipulated. Whether it is heavy airbrushing, zapping zits, brightening those baby blues, contouring or more aggressively removing some unwanted back fat and pushing the eyes two inches apart so that the face appears more doll like- it happens. Magazines that run these doctored shots believe it gives them an air of exclusivity or originality, but sometimes they are shown as the fakes they are and even the celebrities seem to be fighting back. Dove – Artificial Beauty Time Lapse CBS Watch! Time – O.J.
File:The Commissar Vanishes 2.jpg The Dove® Campaign for Real Beauty Imagine a World Where Beauty is a Source of Confidence, Not Anxiety The Dove® brand is rooted in listening to women. Based on the findings of a major global study, The Real Truth About Beauty: A Global Report, Dove® launched the Campaign for Real Beauty in 2004. The campaign started a global conversation about the need for a wider definition of beauty after the study proved the hypothesis that the definition of beauty had become limiting and unattainable. Among the study’s findings was the statistic that only 2% of women around the world would describe themselves as beautiful. Widening the Definition of Beauty The Dove® Campaign for Real Beauty was created to provoke discussion and encourage debate. 2004: The Campaign for Real Beauty launched in September 2004 with a much talked-about ad campaign featuring real women whose appearances are outside the stereotypical norms of beauty. thousands of women to campaignforrealbeauty.com to discuss beauty issues.
Ethics in the age of digital manipulation - Global Journalist By Mark M. Hancock Posted Jul 1 2009 Home / Recent Stories / Ethics in the age of digital manipulation The first day in April is called April Fool’s Day in the United States. Someone at the newspaper used Adobe Photoshop or a similar software program to remove female ministers Limor Livnat and Sofa Landver and replaced them with two men to create an all-male cabinet. While cloning over people in a portrait is a terminal offense at most U.S. daily newspapers, image manipulation has recent precedents in the Middle East. Lebanese photographer Adnan Hajj submitted at least two digitally-manipulated images to Reuters during the 2006 Lebanon War. During the same conflict, Issam Kobeisi made two images for Reuters and Hussein Malla submitted one to AP of a woman wailing in front of a bombed house. While both photographers were close enough to conveniently capture her emotion and the wreckage with wide-angle lenses, neither bothered to include the woman’s name in their captions. Advice from pros
A propos des licences Our public copyright licenses incorporate a unique and innovative “three-layer” design. Each license begins as a traditional legal tool, in the kind of language and text formats that most lawyers know and love. We call this the Legal Code layer of each license. But since most creators, educators, and scientists are not in fact lawyers, we also make the licenses available in a format that normal people can read — the Commons Deed (also known as the “human readable” version of the license). The final layer of the license design recognizes that software, from search engines to office productivity to music editing, plays an enormous role in the creation, copying, discovery, and distribution of works. Searching for open content is an important function enabled by our approach. Taken together, these three layers of licenses ensure that the spectrum of rights isn’t just a legal concept.
Copyright and Creative Commons Julia’s dream is to make a living as a photographer. In this dream, she takes amazing photos, people buy them, and their purchases fund her future work. But it’s not that simple. Julia wants to publish some of her photos to help spread the word, but she’s concerned because photos are easy to copy. She could lose control and not be able to make a living from her talent. So she does some research and learns that in the U.S., as with other countries, we have laws that give creators of materials like books, images, movies, artwork and music a way to own and protect their creations. And she’s surprised to find that when she creates photos, she owns the copyright to them automatically, without taking any other action. She likes being covered by copyright law, but it limits her exposure, because her permission is required for sharing a photo. Her research leads her to Creative Commons, which is a set of licenses that she can use to make her copyrighted photos free for sharing.
Copyright Fair Use and How it Works for Online Images You’ve heard the adage that a picture is worth a thousand words, but when that picture is protected by copyright, the picture is only worth three words: cease and desist. OK, that’s kind of a lawyer joke. But it illustrates how protective people are about finding their images used online without permission. Copyright laws were established not to give the author the right to deny their work to other people, but instead to encourage its creation. Article I, Section 8, clause 8, of the United States Constitution states the purpose of copyright laws is “to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.” It’s a delicate balance between the rights of the creator and the public’s interest. This article will cover exactly what copyright is and what it covers. And then we’ll look at the concept of fair use as it pertains to using images online. What Is Copyright? In Summary
Cloning | Understanding Adobe Photoshop CS6 Share this Episode Autoplay End of Video Show End Screen Default Quality Adjust your embed size below, then copy and paste the embed code above. Community Translation Your transcript request has been submitted. Adobe TV does its best to accommodate transcript requests. Join the Community Translation Project Thanks for your interest in translating this episode! Please Confirm Your Interest Thanks for your interest in adding translations to this episode! An error occurred while processing your request. Another translator has already started to translate this episode. Thanks for Participating! This episode has been assigned to you and you can expect an e-mail shortly containing all the information you need to get started. About This Episode See the Cloning tool in action in this video and discover how to remove unwanted pixels. Presented By Runtime : 00:01:48 About this show Understanding Adobe Photoshop CS6 Learn essential imaging skills from Photoshop Expert Richard Harrington.
Photoshop contest While Photoshop is the industry standard image editing program, Adobe Systems, the publisher of Photoshop, discourages use of "Photoshop" to refer to anything other than their photo editing software, to prevent their trademark from becoming generic. Humor[edit] A large part of the humor in many of these contests involves the use of internet memes. Such contests are nowadays finding increasing participations in many blogs, The popular internet community Reddit, even has an entire forum called /r/photoshopbattles devoted to the contests. A more "underground" variety of these image manipulation jokes involves the blending of celebrity faces with nude or pornographic images, often combined with references to movies, music, magazines and other forms of related popular culture. Photoshop tennis[edit] Pictures[edit] A landscape photo composited and manipulated in Photoshop.Photos composited and manipulated in Photoshop. See also[edit] References[edit] External links[edit]