'Consequentialism' Consequentialism is usually distinguished from deontological ethics (or deontology), in that deontology derives the rightness or wrongness of one's conduct from the character of the behaviour itself rather than the outcomes of the conduct. It is also distinguished from virtue ethics, which focuses on the character of the agent rather than on the nature or consequences of the act (or omission) itself, and pragmatic ethics which treats morality like science: advancing socially over the course of many lifetimes, such that any moral criterion is subject to revision. Consequentialist theories differ in how they define moral goods. Some argue that consequentialist and deontological theories are not necessarily mutually exclusive. For example, T.M. Consequentialist philosophies[edit] State consequentialism[edit] Mozi supported a communitarian form of consequentialism, rather than individual pleasure or pain.[4] Utilitarianism[edit] Ethical egoism[edit] Ethical altruism[edit]
Exhibitions > Galleries Sublime (philosophy) In aesthetics, the sublime (from the Latin sublīmis) is the quality of greatness, whether physical, moral, intellectual, metaphysical, aesthetic, spiritual or artistic. The term especially refers to a greatness beyond all possibility of calculation, measurement or imitation. Grosser Mythen, Swiss Alps. British writers, taking the Grand Tour in the 17th and 18th centuries, first used the sublime to describe objects of nature. John Dennis was the first to publish his comments in a journal letter published as Miscellanies in 1693, giving an account of crossing the Alps where, contrary to his prior feelings for the beauty of nature as a "delight that is consistent with reason", the experience of the journey was at once a pleasure to the eye as music is to the ear, but "mingled with Horrours, and sometimes almost with despair".[2] Shaftesbury had made the journey two years prior to Dennis but did not publish his comments until 1709 in the Moralists. Viviano Codazzi: Rendition of St.
Ergonomics Human factors and ergonomics (HF&E), also known as comfort design, functional design, and user-friendly systems,[1] is the practice of designing products, systems or processes to take proper account of the interaction between them and the people who use them. The field has seen contributions from numerous disciplines, such as psychology, engineering, biomechanics, industrial design, physiology and anthropometry. In essence, it is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body and its cognitive abilities. The two terms "human factors" and "ergonomics" are essentially synonymous.[2][3][4] The International Ergonomics Association defines ergonomics or human factors as follows:[5] HF&E is employed to fulfill the goals of occupational health and safety and productivity. Human factors and ergonomics is concerned with the "fit" between the user, equipment and their environments. Etymology[edit] Domains of specialization[edit] New terms are being generated all the time. Books
'Axiology' History[edit] Between the 5th and 6th century B.C., it was important in Greece to be knowledgeable if you were to be successful. Philosophers began to recognize that differences existed between the laws and morality of society. Socrates held the belief that knowledge had a vital connection to virtue, making morality and democracy closely intertwined. Socrates' student, Plato furthered the belief by establishing virtues which should be followed by all. Axiological Issues in Communication Studies[edit] Communication theorists seek to contribute to mutual intelligence about the anatomy and operation of human communication. Those who take a conventional scientific approach believe that research must be free of values in order to be valid. See also[edit] References[edit] Jump up ^ Random House Unabridged Dictionary Entry on Axiology.Jump up ^ Lapie, Paul (1902). Further reading[edit] Hartman, Robert S. (1967). External links[edit]
ARTEGUÍAS Formalism (philosophy) The term formalism describes an emphasis on form over content or meaning in the arts, literature, or philosophy. A practitioner of formalism is called a formalist. A formalist, with respect to some discipline, holds that there is no transcendent meaning to that discipline other than the literal content created by a practitioner. Formalism is a school of thought in law and jurisprudence which assumes that the law is a system of rules that can determine the outcome of any case, without reference to external norms. In general in the study of the arts and literature, formalism refers to the style of criticism that focuses on artistic or literary techniques in themselves, in separation from the work's social and historical context. General speaking, formalism is the concept which everything necessary in a work of art is contained within it. In contemporary discussions of literary theory, the school of criticism of I. See for example:
Usability Usability is the ease of use and learnability of a human-made object. The object of use can be a software application, website, book, tool, machine, process, or anything a human interacts with. A usability study may be conducted as a primary job function by a usability analyst or as a secondary job function by designers, technical writers, marketing personnel, and others. It is widely used in consumer electronics, communication, and knowledge transfer objects (such as a cookbook, a document or online help) and mechanical objects such as a door handle or a hammer. Usability includes methods of measuring usability, such as needs analysis[1] and the study of the principles behind an object's perceived efficiency or elegance. Introduction[edit] The primary notion of usability is that an object designed with a generalized users' psychology and physiology in mind is, for example: In the user-centered design paradigm, the product is designed with its intended users in mind at all times.
'Existentialism' Existentialism is a term applied to the work of certain late 19th- and 20th-century philosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences,[1][2][3] shared the belief that philosophical thinking begins with the human subject—not merely the thinking subject, but the acting, feeling, living human individual.[4] In existentialism, the individual's starting point is characterized by what has been called "the existential attitude", or a sense of disorientation and confusion in the face of an apparently meaningless or absurd world.[5] Many existentialists have also regarded traditional systematic or academic philosophies, in both style and content, as too abstract and remote from concrete human experience.[6][7] Definitional issues and background[edit] There has never been general agreement on the definition of existentialism. The term is often seen as an historical convenience as it was first applied to many philosophers in hindsight, long after they had died. Concepts[edit] The Absurd[edit]
El Museo de mañana >> El arte en la edad del silicio Durante tres días Barcelona se ha convertido en el centro neurálgico del debate museístico más candente, reuniendo en el Centro de Cultura Contemporánea de Barcelona (CCCB), co-organizador y sede del evento, el gotha mundial de gestores y desarrolladores de programas y iniciativas digitales para museos. Un tropel de 350 expertos que, en un auditorio lleno hasta la bandera, han desgranado sus proyectos y debatido las tendencias más innovadoras y eficaces para que los museos aprendan a utilizar de forma creativa las herramientas tecnológicas.El evento denominado Museum Next se concluye hoy, pero los debates e intervenciones principales se pueden seguir, en tiempo real, desde el streaming del CCCB. Desde el Victoria & Albert Museum de Londres, Rich Barrett-Small explica cómo están utilizando las tecnologías open source para intentar cumplir las altas expectativas de hoy en día y contar con una información fácilmente disponible y accesible a través de una gran variedad de formatos.
Metaphilosophy Relationship to philosophy[edit] Some philosophers consider metaphilosophy to be a subject apart from philosophy, above or beyond it,[4] while others object to that idea.[5] Timothy Williamson argues that the philosophy of philosophy is "automatically part of philosophy," as is the philosophy of anything else.[6] Nicholas Bunnin and Jiyuan Yu write that the separation of first- from second-order study has lost popularity as philosophers find it hard to observe the distinction.[8] As evidenced by these contrasting opinions, debate remains as to whether the evaluation of the nature of philosophy is 'second order philosophy' or simply 'plain philosophy'. Many philosophers have expressed doubts over the value of metaphilosophy.[9] Among them is Gilbert Ryle : "preoccupation with questions about methods tends to distract us from prosecuting the methods themselves. We run as a rule, worse, not better, if we think a lot about our feet. So let us... not speak of it all but just do it C.
Industrial design An iPod, an industrially designed product. KitchenAid 5 qt. Stand Mixer, designed in 1937 by Egmont Arens, remains very successful today Western Electric Model 302 telephone, found throughout the United States from 1937 until the introduction of touch-tone dialing.[1] Calculator Olivetti Divisumma 24 designed in 1956 by Marcello Nizzoli All industrial products are the result of a design process, but the nature of this process can take many forms: it can be conducted by an individual or a large team; it can emphasise intuitive creativity or calculated scientific decision-making; and it can be influenced by factors as varied as materials, production processes, business strategy and prevailing social, commercial or aesthetic attitudes. History[edit] Precursors[edit] The division of labour that underlies the practice of industrial design did have precedents in the pre-industrial era. Birth of industrial design[edit] Education[edit] University and Institutions[edit] Design process[edit] Notes[edit]
'Theodicy' Theological attempt to resolve the problem of evil Gottfried Leibniz coined the term "theodicy" in an attempt to justify God's existence in light of the apparent imperfections of the world. Theodicy () means vindication of God. the Plotinian theodicy, named after Plotinusthe Augustinian theodicy, which Hick based on the writings of Augustine of Hippothe Irenaean theodicy, which Hick developed, based on the thinking of St. The problem was also analyzed by pre-modern theologians and philosophers in the Islamic world. Similar to a theodicy, a cosmodicy attempts to justify the fundamental goodness of the universe, and an anthropodicy attempts to justify the goodness of humanity. Definition and etymology[edit] In the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Nick Trakakis proposed an additional three requirements which must be contained within a theodicy: Common sense views of the worldWidely held historical and scientific opinionPlausible moral principles[9] Reasons for theodicy[edit] History[edit]