Second-order cybernetics Second-order cybernetics, also known as the cybernetics of cybernetics, investigates the construction of models of cybernetic systems. It investigates cybernetics with awareness that the investigators are part of the system, and of the importance of self-referentiality, self-organizing, the subject–object problem, etc. Investigators of a system can never see how it works by standing outside it because the investigators are always engaged cybernetically with the system being observed; that is, when investigators observe a system, they affect and are affected by it. Overview[edit] The anthropologists Gregory Bateson and Margaret Mead contrasted first and second-order cybernetics with this diagram in an interview in 1973.[1] It emphasizes the requirement for a possibly constructivist participant observer in the second order case: . . . essentially your ecosystem, your organism-plus-environment, is to be considered as a single circuit.[1] See also[edit] Gyroteleostasis References[edit]
Center for Integral Science Holism in science Holism in science, or Holistic science, is an approach to research that emphasizes the study of complex systems. This practice is in contrast to a purely analytic tradition (sometimes called reductionism) which aims to gain understanding of systems by dividing them into smaller composing elements and gaining understanding of the system through understanding their elemental properties. The holism-reductionism dichotomy is often evident in conflicting interpretations of experimental findings and in setting priorities for future research. Overview[edit] Holism in science is an approach to research that emphasizes the study of complex systems.[citation needed] Two central aspects are: The term holistic science has been used[who?] First, they are multidisciplinary. The Nature Institute, a research institute in holistic science, describes the necessity for Holism in science as follows Topics in Holism in science[edit] Alternative to reductionism[edit] Though considered by some[who?] Biology[edit]
Holarchy Different meanings[edit] David Spangler uses the term in a different meaning: "In a hierarchy, participants can be compared and evaluated on the basis of position, rank, relative power, seniority, and the like. But in a holarchy each person’s value comes from his or her individuality and uniqueness and the capacity to engage and interact with others to make the fruits of that uniqueness available."[2] In multiagent systems[edit] Multiagent systems are systems composed of autonomous software entities. Janus Multiagent Platform is a software platform able to execute holarchies of agents. See also[edit] References[edit] External links[edit] Brief essay on holarchies
Holonomic brain theory The holonomic brain theory, developed by neuroscientist Karl Pribram initially in collaboration with physicist David Bohm, is a model of human cognition that describes the brain as a holographic storage network.[1][2] Pribram suggests these processes involve electric oscillations in the brain's fine-fibered dendritic webs, which are different than the more commonly known action potentials involving axons and synapses.[3][4][5] These oscillations are waves and create wave interference patterns in which memory is encoded naturally, in a way that can be described with Fourier Transformation equations.[3][4][5][6][7] Gabor, Pribram and others noted the similarities between these brain processes and the storage of information in a hologram, which also uses Fourier Transformations.[1][8] In a hologram, any part of the hologram with sufficient size contains the whole of the stored information. Origins and development[edit] Theory overview[edit] The hologram and holonomy[edit] Correlograph[edit]
Integral Life by OlliS | Archive for Integral February 6, 2014 Järjestimme 2.2.2014 webinaarin stressin biohakkeroinnista. Ilmoittautuneita webinaarilla oli 1875 henkilöä – Huhhuh! Nöyrin kiitos teille. Biohakkerin Käsikirja Olemme kirjoittamassa Biohakkerin käsikirjaa Teemu Arinan ja Jaakko Halmetojan kanssa. Mihin suuntaan terveydenhoitomme on menossa? Olen pitänyt taukoa kirjoittamisesta ja seuraillut sitäkin kiinnostuneempana muutamien henkilöiden kirjoittelua ravitsemuksesta sekä terveydestä ja erityisesti vastuun ottamisesta omasta terveydestään. Integral Life Practice – Final Research Assignment I wrote this paper last summer/fall, just when finishing (for now) my studies at JFK University from School Of Holistic Sciences, Integral Theory M.A. I AM in everything – and everything is in me (and you) What would be the simplest inquiry of dropping your body-mind, your ordinary ego-based consciousness that says, “I am this and I am that” describing different qualities of your outer being? Upcoming stuff: The Paleo wheel is rolling!
Holon (sculpture) Sculpture in Portland, Oregon Homoarchy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Homoarchy is "the relation of elements to one another when they are rigidly ranked one way only, and thus possess no (or not more than very limited) potential for being unranked or ranked in another or a number of different ways at least without cardinal reshaping of the whole socio-political order."[1] Homoarchy and Heterarchy [edit] This notion is coupled with the one of heterarchy, defined by Crumley as "the relation of elements to one another when they are unranked or when they possess the potential for being ranked in a number of different ways". Homoarchy and Hierarchy Homoarchy must not be identified with hierarchy (as well as heterarchy must not be confused with egalitarianism in the proper meaning of the word). ^ (Bondarenko D.M. Bondarenko D.M., Grinin L.E., Korotayev A.V. 2002.
Living systems Some scientists have proposed in the last few decades that a general living systems theory is required to explain the nature of life.[1] Such general theory, arising out of the ecological and biological sciences, attempts to map general principles for how all living systems work. Instead of examining phenomena by attempting to break things down into components, a general living systems theory explores phenomena in terms of dynamic patterns of the relationships of organisms with their environment.[2] Theory[edit] Living systems theory is a general theory about the existence of all living systems, their structure, interaction, behavior and development. Miller said that systems exist at eight "nested" hierarchical levels: cell, organ, organism, group, organization, community, society, and supranational system. The processors of matter–energy are: ingestor, distributor, converter, producer, storage, extruder, motor, supporter The processors of information are All nature is a continuum.
Spiral Dynamics | identity & type Two ways to look at your emotional identity are from the individual perspective—your personal values, and from the collective perspective—your cultural and societal values. Values help define your identity through what you feel. Core personal values are the things you can’t live without. These are the most important things in your life that must be present for you to be happy. The cultural values of your family and societal values of the area you live in also play a role in your identity. What are your core values, and how are they influenced by your environment and the culture you live in? To define your core values, use the Core Values Sheet, and group them based on topic, if desired. Integral theory is a philosophy, developed by Ken Wilber, of classifying everything in life and showing how things are interconnected—“the theory of everything”. Integral theory breaks down everything into four quadrants: I, It, We, and Its. Personal Values – One View (coachstationsteve.com) Like this:
Holism and Evolution 1926 book by Jan Smuts Holism and Evolution is a 1926 book by South African statesman Jan Smuts, in which he coined the word "holism",[1][2] although Smuts' meaning differs from the modern concept of holism.[3] Smuts defined holism as the "fundamental factor operative towards the creation of wholes in the universe. The book was part of a broader trend of interest in holism in European and colonial academia during the early twentieth century.[1] Smuts based his philosophy of holism on the thoughts behind his earlier book, Walt Whitman: A Study in the Evolution of Personality, written during his time at Cambridge in the early 1890s.[5][6] The book describes a "process-orientated, hierarchical view of nature" and has been influential among criticisms of reductionism.[3] Smuts saw the League of Nations as a project that would unify white internationalists and pacify a forthcoming race war by establishing a mandate system, whereby whites would indirectly rule and segregate non-whites.[8]
Hierarchical closeness Hierarchical closeness (HC) is a structural centrality measure used in network theory or graph theory. It is extended from closeness centrality to rank how centrally located a node is in a directed network. While the original closeness centrality of a directed network considers the most important node to be that with the least total distance from all other nodes, hierarchical closeness evaluates the most important node as the one which reaches the most nodes by the shortest paths. The hierarchical closeness explicitly includes information about the range of other nodes that can be affected by the given node. where is the set of nodes and is the set of interactions, hierarchical closeness of a node called was proposed by Tran and Kwon[1] as follows: where: is the reachability of a node defined by a path from to , and is the normalized form of original closeness (Sabidussi, 1966).[2] It can use a variant definition of closeness[3] as follows: In the formula, represents the number of nodes in
Systems science Impression of systems thinking about society. Systems science is an interdisciplinary field that studies the nature of complex systems in nature, society, and science itself. It aims to develop interdisciplinary foundations that are applicable in a variety of areas, such as engineering, biology, medicine, and social sciences.[1] Systems science covers formal sciences such as complex systems, cybernetics, dynamical systems theory, and systems theory, and applications in the field of the natural and social sciences and engineering, such as control theory, operations research, social systems theory, systems biology, systems dynamics, systems ecology, systems engineering and systems psychology.[2] Theories[edit] Since the emergence of the General Systems Research in the 1950s,[3] systems thinking and systems science have developed into many theoretical frameworks. Systems notes of Henk Bikker, TU Delft, 1991 Systems analysis Systems design System dynamics Systems engineering Systems Methodologies
Theory | Daniel Smith Integral Theory is a philosophy posited by Ken Wilber that seeks a synthesis of the best of pre-modern, modern, and postmodern reality. It claims to be a “theory of everything,” and offers an approach “to draw together an already existing number of separate paradigms into an interrelated network of approaches that are mutually enriching.” It has been applied by scholar-practitioners in 35 distinct academic and professional domains as varied as organizational management, art, and feminism. Integral theory is an all-inclusive framework that draws on the key insights of the world’s greatest knowledge traditions. The awareness gained from drawing on all truths and perspectives allows the Integral thinker to bring new depth, clarity and compassion to every level of human endeavor — from unlocking individual potential to finding new approaches to global-scale problems. AQAL, pronounced “ah-qwul,” is a widely used framework in Integral Theory. Figure 1. All Levels: Depth and Complexity