Toward an Architecture
Vers une architecture, recently translated into English as Toward an Architecture but commonly known as Towards a New Architecture after the 1927 translation by Frederick Etchells, is a collection of essays written by Le Corbusier (Charles-Edouard Jeanneret), advocating for and exploring the concept of modern architecture. The book has had a lasting effect on the architectural profession, serving as the manifesto for a generation of architects, a subject of hatred for others, and unquestionably an important work of architectural theory. The architectural historian Reyner Banham wrote that its influence was "beyond that of any other architectural work published in this [20th] century to date",[1] and that unparalleled influence has continued, unabated, into the 21st century. The polemical book contains seven essays, all but one of which were published in the magazine L'Esprit Nouveau beginning in 1921. See also[edit] Le Corbusier's Five Points of Architecture References[edit] Sources[edit]
Le Corbusier
Swiss-French architect (1887–1965) Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (6 October 1887 – 27 August 1965), known as Le Corbusier,[a][5] was a Swiss-French architectural designer, painter, urban planner and writer, who was one of the pioneers of what is now regarded as modern architecture. He was born in Switzerland to French-speaking Swiss parents, and acquired French nationality by naturalization in 1930.[6] His career spanned five decades, in which he designed buildings in Europe, Japan, India, as well as North and South America.[7] He considered that "the roots of modern architecture are to be found in Viollet-le-Duc. Dedicated to providing better living conditions for the residents of crowded cities, Le Corbusier was influential in urban planning, and was a founding member of the Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM). Le Corbusier remains a controversial figure. Early life (1887–1904) [edit] Travel and first houses (1905–1914) The Villa Favre-Jacot in Le Locle, Switzerland (1912)
Florence Charterhouse
Florence Charterhouse church The courtyard of the monastery Florence Charterhouse (Certosa di Firenze or Certosa del Galluzzo) is a charterhouse, or Carthusian monastery, located in the Florence suburb of Galluzzo, in central Italy. The building is a walled complex located on Monte Acuto, at the point of confluence of the Ema and Greve rivers. The charterhouse was founded in 1341 by the Florentine noble Niccolò Acciaioli, Grand Seneschal of the Kingdom of Naples, but continued to expand over the centuries as the recipient of numerous donations. Florence, Certosa, Charterhouse, chapel, ca.1878 Florence, Certosa, Charterhouse, cloister, ca.1878 In 1958 the monastery was taken over by Cistercian monks. The chapter house now holds lunettes from the cloister, frescoed by Pontormo, damaged by exposure to the elements. The charterhouse inspired Le Corbusier for his urban projects.[1] References[edit] External links[edit] Coordinates:
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Ceramic
Inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat Short timeline of ceramic in different styles A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. [1][2] Common examples are earthenware, porcelain, and brick. The word "ceramic" comes from the Greek word κεραμικός (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery",[4] from κέραμος (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery". [5] The earliest known mention of the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, workers of ceramic written in Linear B syllabic script.[6] The word ceramic can be used as an adjective to describe a material, product or process, or it may be used as a noun, either singular, or more commonly, as the plural noun "ceramics".[7] Materials[edit] A low magnification SEM micrograph of an advanced ceramic material. History[edit] Corded-Ware culture pottery from 2500 BC.
Porcelain
Porcelain (/ˈpɔːrsəlɪn/) is a ceramic material made by heating materials, generally including kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between 1,200 and 1,400 °C (2,200 and 2,600 °F). The toughness, strength, and translucence of porcelain, relative to other types of pottery, arises mainly from vitrification and the formation of the mineral mullite within the body at these high temperatures. Though definitions vary, porcelain can be divided into three main categories: hard-paste, soft-paste and bone china. The category that an object belongs to depends on the composition of the paste used to make the body of the porcelain object and the firing conditions. Porcelain slowly evolved in China and was finally achieved (depending on the definition used) at some point about 2,000 to 1,200 years ago, then slowly spread to other East Asian countries, and finally Europe and the rest of the world. Flower centrepiece, 18th century, Spain Types[edit] Demonstration of the translucent quality of porcelain France
Unité d'habitation
Coordinates: Cité radieuse, Marseille. Le Corbusier's Berlin Unité The Unité d'habitation (French pronunciation: [ynite dabitasjɔ̃], Housing Unit) is a modernist residential housing design principle developed by Le Corbusier, with the collaboration of painter-architect Nadir Afonso. The concept formed the basis of several housing developments designed by him throughout Europe with this name. The most famous of these developments is located in south Marseille. Cité radieuse, Marseille[edit] The first and most famous of these buildings, also known as Cité radieuse (Radiant City) and, informally, as La Maison du Fada (French – Provençal, "The Nutter's House"), is located in Marseille, France, and was built between 1947 and 1952. The Marseille building, developed with Corbusier's designers Shadrach Woods and George Candilis, comprises 337 apartments arranged over twelve stories, all suspended on large piloti. Other buildings and influences[edit] Interiors[edit] See also[edit] References[edit]
