Carbon subsulfide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Organic compound with the structure S=C=C=C=S Chemical compound Carbon subsulfide is an organic, sulfur-containing chemical compound with the formula C3S2 and structure S=C=C=C=S. This deep red liquid is immiscible with water but soluble in organic solvents. Synthesis and structure[edit] C3S2 was discovered by Béla Lengyel,[1] who assigned it an unsymmetrical structure. Lengyel first synthesized this compound by passing carbon disulfide (CS2) vapor through an electric arc with carbon electrodes. Reactions and occurrence[edit] Among its few known reactions, C3S2 reacts with bromine to form the cyclic disulfide.[4] C3S2 polymerizes under applied pressure to give a black semi-conducting solid. In addition, reactions of C3S2 can yield highly condensed sulfur-containing compounds, e.g. the reaction of C3S2 with 2-aminopyridine. References[edit]
Carbon nitride From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Chemical compound made of carbon and nitrogen In organic chemistry, carbon nitrides are compounds consisting only of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Covalent network compounds[edit] Beta carbon nitride - a solid with a formula β-C3N4, which is predicted to be harder than diamond.Graphitic carbon nitride - g-C3N4, with important catalytic and sensor properties.[2]C3N5 - a combined triazole and triazine framework.[3]MCN-12 (C3N6) and MCN-13 (C3N7).[4] Azafullerenes[edit] Azafullerenes are a class of heterofullerenes in which the element substituting for carbon is nitrogen.[5] Examples include (C59N)2 (biazafullerenyl),[6] C58N2 (diaza[60]fullerene), C57N3 (triaza[60]fullerene) and C48N12. Cyanofullerenes[edit] Cyanofullerenes are a class of modified fullerenes in which cyano- groups are attached to a fullerene skeleton. Cyanogen[edit] Percyanoalkynes, -alkenes and -alkanes[edit] Dicyanopolyynes[edit] Perazidoalkynes, -alkenes and -alkanes[edit] Other compounds[edit]
Carbomethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Chemical compound Carbomethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane is a chemical compound used in organic syntheses. It contains a phosphorus atom bound to three phenyl groups, and doubly bound to the alpha position of methyl acetate. It undergoes a Wittig reaction.[1] It is used in the Vitamin B12 total synthesis. Production[edit] Carbomethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane can be made via a multistep reaction using bromoacetic acid, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and triphenylphosphine. [edit] Carbomethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane reacts with aldehydes to give a two carbon atom extension. References[edit] Covalent organic framework Class of solid chemical substances Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of materials that form two- or three-dimensional structures through reactions between organic precursors resulting in strong, covalent bonds to afford porous, stable, and crystalline materials. History[edit] While at University of Michigan, Omar M. The synthesis of 3D COFs has been hindered by longstanding practical and conceptual challenges until it was first achieved in 2007 by Omar M. Structure[edit] Porous crystalline solids consist of secondary building units (SBUs) which assemble to form a periodic and porous framework. Types of porous crystalline solids include zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). COFs are another class of porous polymeric materials, consisting of porous, crystalline, covalent bonds that usually have rigid structures, exceptional thermal stabilities (to temperatures up to 600 °C), are stable in water and low densities. COF linkages[edit]
Carbene radical From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Special class of organometallic carbenes Theoretical calculations and EPR studies confirmed their radical-type behaviour and explained the bonding interactions underlying the stability of the carbene radical.[9][10] Stable carbene radicals of other metals are known,[1] but the catalytically relevant cobalt(III)-carbene radicals have thus far only been synthesized as long-lived reactive intermediates.[11][12] Bonding interactions and radical reactivity[edit] The chemical bond present in carbene radicals is surprising in that it possesses aspects of both Fischer and Schrock type carbenes.[1][9][10] As a result, the cobalt carbene radical complexes have discrete radical-character at their carbon atom, thus giving rise to interesting catalytic radical-type reaction pathways. Discrete electron transfer from a sigma-type metal d-orbital (typically the dz2 orbital) occurs,[1][10] leads the typical radical character of the carbene carbon. See also[edit]
Biomolecule Molecule that is produced by a living organism The uniformity of both specific types of molecules (the biomolecules) and of certain metabolic pathways are invariant features among the wide diversity of life forms; thus these biomolecules and metabolic pathways are referred to as "biochemical universals"[4] or "theory of material unity of the living beings", a unifying concept in biology, along with cell theory and evolution theory.[5] Types of biomolecules[edit] A diverse range of biomolecules exist, including: Nucleosides and nucleotides[edit] Nucleosides are molecules formed by attaching a nucleobase to a ribose or deoxyribose ring. Nucleosides can be phosphorylated by specific kinases in the cell, producing nucleotides. DNA and RNA structure[edit] DNA structure is dominated by the well-known double helix formed by Watson-Crick base-pairing of C with G and A with T. Saccharides[edit] Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates with only one simple sugar. Lignin[edit] Lipid[edit]
Diazonium compound Group of organonitrogen compounds Diazonium compounds or diazonium salts are a group of organic compounds sharing a common functional group [R−N+≡N]X− where R can be any organic group, such as an alkyl or an aryl, and X is an inorganic or organic anion, such as a halide. General properties and reactivity[edit] Arenediazonium cations and related species[edit] According to X-ray crystallography the C−N+≡N linkage is linear in typical diazonium salts. The N+≡N bond distance in benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate is 1.083(3) Å,[1] which is almost identical to that for dinitrogen molecule (N≡N). The linear free energy constants σm and σp indicate that the diazonium group is strongly electron-withdrawing. The stability of arenediazonium salts is highly sensitive to the counterion. SN1 and SN2 reactions do not occur. Alkanediazonium cations and related species[edit] Alkanediazonium salts are synthetically unimportant due to their extreme and uncontrolled reactivity toward SN2/SN1/E1 substitution.
Biogenic substance Product made by or of life forms A biogenic substance is a product made by or of life forms. While the term originally was specific to metabolite compounds that had toxic effects on other organisms,[1] it has developed to encompass any constituents, secretions, and metabolites of plants or animals.[2] In context of molecular biology, biogenic substances are referred to as biomolecules. They are generally isolated and measured through the use of chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques.[3][4] Additionally, the transformation and exchange of biogenic substances can by modelled in the environment, particularly their transport in waterways.[5] The observation and measurement of biogenic substances is notably important in the fields of geology and biochemistry. History of discovery and classification[edit] In the 1930s German chemist Alfred E. In the environment[edit] Hydroecology[edit] Geological sites[edit] Measurement[edit] Applications[edit] Anti-fouling paints[edit] Examples[edit]
Bechgaard salt From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Class of organic compounds that are superconductive at low temperatures In organic chemistry, a Bechgaard salt is any one of a number of organic charge-transfer complexes that exhibit superconductivity at low temperatures.[1] They are named for chemist Klaus Bechgaard, who was one of the first scientists to synthesize them and demonstrate their superconductivity with the help of physicist Denis Jérome.[2] Most Bechgaard salt superconductors are extremely low temperature, and lose superconductivity above the 1–2 K range, although the most successful compound in this class superconducts up to almost 12 K. All Bechgaard salts are formed using a small, planar organic molecule as an electron donor, with any of a number of electron acceptors (such as perchlorate, ClO4, or tetracyanoethylene, TCNE). There are a wide range of other organic superconductors including many other charge-transfer complexes. See also[edit] References[edit]
Dicumyl peroxide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Chemical compound Dicumyl peroxide is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5CMe2O)2 (Me = CH3). Classified as a dialky peroxide, it is produced on a large scale industrially for use as an initiator for the production of low density polyethylene. Production[edit] It is synthesized as a by-product in the autoxidation of cumene, which mainly affords cumene hydroperoxide. Of the ca. 60,000 ton/y production of dialkyl peroxides, dicumyl peroxide is dominant.[2] Properties[edit] References[edit]
Aliphatic compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hydrocarbon compounds without aromatic rings In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (; G. aleiphar, fat, oil). Structure[edit] Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (alkanes), or unsaturated, with double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes). The least complex aliphatic compound is methane (CH4). Properties[edit] Most aliphatic compounds are flammable, allowing the use of hydrocarbons as fuel, such as methane in natural gas for stoves or heating; butane in torches and lighters; various aliphatic (as well as aromatic) hydrocarbons in liquid transportation fuels like petrol/gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel; and other uses such as ethyne (acetylene) in welding. Examples of aliphatic compounds[edit] The most important aliphatic compounds are: References[edit]
Alicyclic compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Organic molecule with one or more non-aromatic all-carbon rings In organic chemistry, an alicyclic compound contains one or more all-carbon rings which may be either saturated or unsaturated, but do not have aromatic character.[1] Alicyclic compounds may have one or more aliphatic side chains attached. The simplest alicyclic compounds are the monocyclic cycloalkanes: cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, and so on. Spiro compounds have two or more rings that are connected through only one carbon atom. The mode of ring-closing in the formation of many alicyclic compounds can be predicted by Baldwin's rules. Otto Wallach, a German chemist, received the 1910 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on alicyclic compounds.[2][3] Cycloalkenes[edit] Monocyclic cycloalkenes are cyclopropene, cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene, and so on. References[edit]
Acyl cyanide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Chemical group (–C(O)C≡N) In organic chemistry, an acyl cyanide is a functional group with the formula R−C(O)CN and structure R−C(=O)−C≡N. It consists of an acyl group (R−C=O) attached to cyanide (−C≡N). Examples include acetyl cyanide, formyl cyanide, and oxalyl dicyanide. Acyl cyanides are reagents in organic synthesis.[1][2] Synthesis[edit] Classically acyl cyanides are produced by the salt metathesis reaction of acyl chlorides with sodium cyanide: Alternatively, they can be produced by dehydration of acyl aldoximes: Acetyl cyanide is also prepared by hydrocyanation of ketene: [edit] They are mild acylating agents.[2] With aqueous base, acyl cyanides break down to cyanide and the carboxylate:[3] With azides, acyl cyanides undergo the click reaction to give acyl tetrazoles.[4] References[edit]
Explosophore From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Functional group which gives an organic molecule explosive properties Explosophores are functional groups in organic chemistry that give organic compounds explosive properties. History[edit] The term was first coined by Russian chemist V. Properties[edit] Nitrogen-containing explosophores (groups I, II and III below) are particularly strong because in addition to providing oxygen they react to form molecular nitrogen, which is a very stable molecule, and thus the overall reaction is strongly exothermic. Classification[edit] Pletz grouped the explosophores into eight distinct categories.[2][3] These represent: the nitro group, a nitrogen atom bound to two oxygen atoms as well as an organic molecule (e.g. Most commercially used explosives include the nitrate ion or the nitro group. The azo and azide groups respectively, connected to organic/inorganic compounds (e.g. silver azide AgN3, lead azide Pb(N3)2, ammonium azide NH4N3) III. V. VIII. Other ^ Pletz, V.