Creativity Creativity is a phenomenon whereby something new and somehow valuable is formed, such as an idea, a scientific theory, an invention, a literary work, a painting, a musical composition, a joke, etc. Scholarly interest in creativity involves many definitions and concepts pertaining to a number of disciplines: psychology, cognitive science, education, philosophy (particularly philosophy of science), technology, theology, sociology, linguistics, business studies, songwriting, and economics, covering the relations between creativity and general intelligence, mental and neurological processes, personality type and creative ability, creativity and mental health; the potential for fostering creativity through education and training, especially as augmented by technology; and the application of creative resources to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning. Definition[edit] Aspects[edit] Etymology[edit] History of the concept[edit] Ancient views[edit] The Enlightenment and after[edit] J. J.
Reality principle Allowing the individual to defer (put off) instant gratification, the reality principle is the governing principle of the actions taken by the ego, after its slow development from a "pleasure-ego" into a "reality-ego":[2] it may be compared to the triumph of reason over passion, head over heart, rational over emotional mind.[3] History[edit] Freud argued that “an ego thus educated has become ‘reasonable’; it no longer lets itself be governed by the pleasure principle, but obeys the reality principle, which also, at bottom, seeks to obtain pleasure, but pleasure which is assured through taking account of reality, even though it is pleasure postponed and diminished”.[4] Jonathan Lear has argued that there was in fact an ethical dimension to Freud's concept of the reality principle, in that it was opposed to a neurotically distorted world-view.[8] Development[edit] In infancy and early childhood, the Id governs behavior predominantly by obeying the pleasure principle. Reality Principle vs.
77 Brain Hacks to Learn Faster, Deeper, and Better Source: Online Education Database If someone granted you one wish, what do you imagine you would want out of life that you haven't gotten yet? For many people, it would be self-improvement and knowledge. New knowledge is the backbone of society's progress. Great thinkers such as Leonardo da Vinci, Thomas Edison, Benjamin Franklin, Albert Einstein, and others' quests for knowledge have led society to many of the marvels we enjoy today. Your quest for knowledge doesn't have to be as Earth-changing as Einstein's, but it can be an important part of your life, leading to a new job, better pay, a new hobby, or simply knowledge for knowledge's sake — whatever is important to you as an end goal. Life-changing knowledge does typically require advanced learning techniques. Here are 77 tips related to knowledge and learning to help you on your quest. 1. 2. 4. 5. Balance 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Recall Techniques 15. 16. 17. Visual Aids 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Verbal and Auditory Techniques 24. 25.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs Maslow's hierarchy of needs, represented as a pyramid with the more basic needs at the bottom[1] Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in Psychological Review.[2] Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human developmental psychology, some of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans. Maslow used the terms "physiological", "safety", "belongingness" and "love", "esteem", "self-actualization", and "self-transcendence" to describe the pattern that human motivations generally move through. Maslow's theory was fully expressed in his 1954 book Motivation and Personality.[5] The hierarchy remains a very popular framework in sociology research, management training[6] and secondary and higher psychology instruction. Hierarchy Physiological needs Safety needs Safety and Security needs include:
Goal A goal is a desired result a person or a system envisions, plans and commits to achieve a personal or organizational desired end-point in some sort of assumed development. Many people endeavor to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines. Goal setting[edit] Goal-setting ideally involves establishing specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-bounded (S.M.A.R.T.) objectives. A goal can be long-term or short-term. Short-term goals[edit] Short-term goals expect accomplishment in a short period of time, such as trying to get a bill paid in the next few days. Personal goals[edit] Individuals can set personal goals. Managing goals can give returns in all areas of personal life. Achieving personal goals[edit] Achieving complex and difficult goals requires focus, long-term diligence and effort. Long-term achievements rely on short-term achievements. Personal goal achievement and happiness[edit] Self-concordance model[edit] Self-concordant goals[edit] See also[edit] References[edit]
Self-esteem Self-esteem is a disposition that a person has which represents their judgments of their own worthiness.[5] In the mid-1960s, sociologist Morris Rosenberg defined self-esteem as a feeling of self-worth and developed the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), which became the most-widely used scale to measure self-esteem in the social sciences.[6] Nathaniel Branden in 1969 defined self-esteem as "the experience of being competent to cope with the basic challenges of life and being worthy of happiness." According to Branden, self-esteem is the sum of self-confidence (a feeling of personal capacity) and self-respect (a feeling of personal worth). It exists as a consequence of the implicit judgment that every person has of their ability to face life's challenges, to understand and solve problems, and their right to achieve happiness, and be given respect.[7] Theories[edit] Many early theories suggested that self-esteem is a basic human need or motivation. Development[edit] Self-evaluation[edit]
Impression management In sociology and social psychology, impression management is a goal-directed conscious or unconscious process in which people attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event; they do so by regulating and controlling information in social interaction (Piwinger & Ebert 2001, pp. 1–2). It is usually used synonymously with self-presentation, in which a person tries to influence the perception of their image. The notion of impression management also refers to practices in professional communication and public relations, where the term is used to describe the process of formation of a company's or organization's public image. Self-presentation[edit] While impression management and self-presentation are often used interchangeably, some authors have argued that they are not the same. Motives and strategies[edit] Self-presentation is expressive. People adopt many different impression management strategies. Theory[edit] Basic factors[edit] Erving Goffman[edit]
1st Personal Development Change management Change management is an approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organizations to a desired future state.[1] In a project management context, change management may refer to a project management process wherein changes to the scope of a project are formally introduced and approved.[2][3] History[edit] 1960s[edit] Everett Rogers wrote the book Diffusion of Innovations in 1962. There would be five editions of the book through 2003, during which time the statistical analysis of how people adopt new ideas and technology would be documented over 5000 times. 1980s[edit] McKinsey consultant Julien Phillips first published a change management model in 1982 in the journal Human Resource Management, though it took a decade for his change management peers to catch up with him.[4] 1990s[edit] In 1994, Daryl Conner founded Conner Partners and in 1993, he wrote the book, Managing at the Speed of Change. 2000s[edit] 2010s[edit] Approach[edit] Reasons for change[edit] Managing the change process[edit]
Motivational therapy Motivational therapy (or MT) is a combination of humanistic treatment and enhanced cognitive-behavioral strategies, designed to treat substance abuse. It is similar to Motivational Interviewing and Motivational Enhancement Therapy Method[edit] The focus of motivational therapy is encouraging a patient to develop a negative view of their abuse, along with a desire to change their behavior. Often, a methadone or similar program is used in conjunction with motivational therapy. Some suggest that the success of motivational therapy is highly dependent on the quality of the therapist involved and, like all therapies, has no guaranteed result. Motivational therapies are focused specifically on a persons needs, or on what their problems may be. brief solution focused therapycognitive behavioural therapyschema focused therapyinterpersonal therapycompassion focssed therapycompassionate mind traininghypnosis. History[edit] Precontemplation Not ready to change Contemplation Thinking about change Action