Hatshepsut For other ancient Egyptians called Maatkare, see Maatkare. Hatshepsut (/hætˈʃɛpsʊt/;[4] also Hatchepsut; meaning Foremost of Noble Ladies;[5] 1507–1458 BC) was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. She was the second historically confirmed female pharaoh, the first being Sobekneferu.[6] (Various other women may have also ruled as pharaohs regnant or at least regents before Hatshepsut, as early as Neithhotep around 1600 years prior.) Hatshepsut came to the throne of Egypt in 1478 BC. Officially, she ruled jointly with Thutmose III, who had ascended to the throne the previous year as a child of about two years old. Hatshepsut was the chief wife of Thutmose II, Thutmose III’s father. Reign[edit] Jar bearing the cartouche of Hatshepsut. Trade with other countries was re-established; here trees transported by ship from Punt are shown being moved ashore for planting in Egypt—relief from Hatshepsut mortuary temple Dating the beginning of her reign is more difficult, however.
Ancient Egyptian creation myths The sun rises over the circular mound of creation as goddesses pour out the primeval waters around it Ancient Egyptian creation myths are the ancient Egyptian accounts of the creation of the world. The Pyramid Texts, tomb wall decorations and writings, dating back to the Old Kingdom (2780 – 2250 B.C.E) have given us most of our information regarding early Egyptian creation myths.[1] These myths also form the earliest religious compilations in the world.[2] The ancient Egyptians had many creator gods and associated legends. Common elements[edit] The sun was also closely associated with creation, and it was said to have first risen from the mound, as the general sun-god Ra or as the god Khepri, who represented the newly-risen sun.[6] There were many versions of the sun's emergence, and it was said to have emerged directly from the mound or from a lotus flower that grew from the mound, in the form of a heron, falcon, scarab beetle, or human child[6][7] Cosmogonies[edit] Hermopolis[edit]
Le concept de Maât / site "Immortelle Égypte" Un peu d'histoire » L'Égypte pharaonique : Pharaons et Reines La pensée philosophique des anciens Égyptiens était étroitement liée à leurs croyances religieuses. La société égyptienne était basée sur le concept de Maât qui signifie équilibre et ordre. Pour les anciens Égyptiens, la conduite idéale était à la fois pratique et religieuse. Les textes tels que le Livre des morts mettent en évidence les vertus de charité, de bienfaisance, de prudence, de justice sociale, de clémence et de quête du savoir. La déesse Maât est une entité symbolisant la norme universelle : l'équilibre établi par le Créateur, la justice qui permet d'agir selon le droit, l'ordre qui fait conformer les actes de chacun aux lois, la vérité, la droiture et la confiance. La déesse Maât Article original : sur Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Au-delà de cette première approche, le concept est un peu plus complexe. La mort et Maât À une époque plus tardive, maât signifie également la vérité ou la connaissance juste de soi.
Nile Delta Delta produced by the Nile River at its mouth in the Mediterranean Sea Coordinates: 30°54′N 31°7′E / 30.900°N 31.117°E / 30.900; 31.117 NASA satellite photograph of the Nile Delta (shown in false color) The Nile Delta at night as seen from the ISS in October 2010. The Nile Delta (Arabic: دلتا النيل Delta an-Nīl or simply الدلتا ad-Delta) is the delta formed in Lower Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. Geography[edit] From north to south, the delta is approximately 160 km (99 mi) in length. The Suez Canal is east of the delta and enters the coastal Lake Manzala in the north-east of the delta. The Nile is considered to be an "arcuate" delta (arc-shaped), as it resembles a triangle or flower when seen from above. In modern day, the outer edges of the delta are eroding, and some coastal lagoons have seen increasing salinity levels as their connection to the Mediterranean Sea increases. History[edit] Ancient branches of the Nile[edit] Population[edit]
The Great Pyramid Of Giza - Civil Engineer'z Introduction The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest and oldest among the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now EI Giza, Egypt. It is the oldest among the seven wonders of the world. It is the miracle of the construction and civil engineering. The Great Pyramid of Giza The Great Pyramid of Giza was built for the Fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu. There are three chambers inside the Great pyramid of Giza. According to present knowledge The Great Pyramid of Giza is mostly solid mass. Interior of The Great Pyramid of Giza Chambers of The Great Pyramid of Giza Some Facts about the Great pyramid of Giza Allignment of The Great Pyramid of Giza The great pyramid of Khufu, the pyramid of Menkaure and the pyramid of Khafre were aligned with the constellation of Orion. Construction Theories Many alternative and contradictory theories are proposed regarding the construction techniques of the pyramid. Details about Structure Material admin Share and Enjoy
Thinis Due to its ancient heritage, Thinis remained a significant religious centre, housing the tomb and mummy of the regional deity. In ancient Egyptian religious cosmology, as seen (for example) in the Book of the Dead, Thinis played a role as a mythical place in heaven.[1] Although the precise location of Thinis is unknown, mainstream Egyptological consensus places it in the vicinity of ancient Abydos and modern Girga.[2][3][4] Name and location[edit] The name Thinis is derived from Manetho's use of the adjective Thinite to describe the pharaoh Menes.[5] Although the corresponding Thinis does not appear in Greek, it is demanded by the Egyptian original[2] and is the more popular name among Egyptologists.[5][6] This is also suggested.[7] History[edit] Nearby Abydos (Osireion pictured), after ceding its political rank to Thinis, remained an important religious centre. Pre-dynastic and Early Dynastic periods[edit] Old Kingdom[edit] New Kingdom and Late Period[edit] Religion[edit] References[edit]
Sekhmet In Egyptian mythology, Sekhmet /ˈsɛkˌmɛt/[1] or Sachmis (/ˈsækmɨs/; also spelled Sakhmet, Sekhet, or Sakhet, among other spellings) was originally the warrior goddess as well as goddess of healing for Upper Egypt, when the kingdom of Egypt was divided. She is depicted as a lioness, the fiercest hunter known to the Egyptians. It was said that her breath formed the desert. She was seen as the protector of the pharaohs and led them in warfare. Sekhmet also is a Solar deity, sometimes called the daughter of the sun god Ra and often associated with the goddesses Hathor and Bast. She bears the Solar disk and the uraeus which associates her with Wadjet and royalty. Etymology[edit] Sekhmet's name comes from the Ancient Egyptian word "sekhem" which means "power or might". History[edit] Bust of the Goddess Sakhmet, ca. 1390-1352 B.C.E. The warrior goddess Sekhmet, shown with her sun disk and cobra crown from a relief at the Temple of Kom Ombo. Festivals and evolution[edit] In popular culture[edit]
Maat (Egyptian Goddess) Maat. In Egyptian mythology, Maat is the goddess of order, the world's balance, equity, peace, truth and justice. It is the antithesis of Isfet (the god of chaos, injustice, social disorder). Maat is an entity symbolizing the universal standard: a balance established by the Creator, which allows Justice to act according to the law, truth, honesty and trust. Unlike most Egyptian gods which were depicted with animal features, Maat is always anthropomorphic, and like most abstract concepts is personified as a woman, usually sitting on her heels, or standing. Maat is usually depicted as dressed in the long tight-fitting dress of the goddesses and as wearing the jewelry of the gods. Maat is the first divine dimension: she is the mother of Ra but she is also the daughter and wife of Ra and the mystical sister of the Pharaoh. Thus, Maat is fundamentally linked to the Pharaonic institution: the first duty of the pharaoh is to enforce the law of Maat throughout Egypt.
Afterlife Ancient Egyptian papyrus depicting the journey into the afterlife. Paradise of Bhaishajyaguru discovered at the Mogao Caves. [edit] In metaphysical models, theists generally believe some sort of afterlife awaits people when they die. Members of some generally non-theistic religions such as Buddhism, tend to believe in an afterlife, but without reference to a God. The Sadducees were an ancient Jewish sect that generally believed that there was a God but no afterlife. Many religions, whether they believe in the soul's existence in another world like Christianity, Islam and many pagan belief systems, or in reincarnation like many forms of Hinduism and Buddhism, believe that one's status in the afterlife is a reward or punishment for their conduct during life. Reincarnation[edit] Reincarnation refers to an afterlife concept found among Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs, Rosicrucians, Theosophists, Spiritists, and Wiccans. Heaven and hell[edit] Limbo[edit] Purgatory[edit] Ancient religions[edit]
The Shaft, The Subway & The Causeway - Plan Of the 'Tomb Of Osiris' This graphic of the shafts and chambers under the causeway is taken from the FOX TV Special "Opening The Lost Tombs" which was transmitted on the 2nd of March 1999. It has been compiled from a number of video frame captures. It must be immediately pointed out that this graphic does not show the true layout under the causeway. For the purposes of this discussion, we shall assume that the causeway as shown is orientated east/west although the real layout is slightly off this axis. The layout implies that the first and second chambers lie on an east/west axis and that the connecting shaft descends from the first chamber's east side to the second chamber's west side. To visualise the actual layout of the complex, rotate the third chamber through 180 degrees so that it extends under the second chamber rather than away from it.
Meidum Located about 100 km south of modern Cairo, Meidum or Maidum (Arabic: ميدوم) is the location of a large pyramid, and several large mud-brick mastabas. Pyramid[edit] The structure of the pyramid Passageway in the Meidum Pyramid The pyramid at Meidum is thought to have been originally built for Huni, the last pharaoh of the Third Dynasty, and was continued by Sneferu. The second extension turned the original step pyramid design into a true pyramid by filling in the steps with limestone encasing. Another view of Meidum Pyramid Some[who?] By the time it was investigated by Napoleon's Expedition in 1799 the Meidum Pyramid had its present 3 steps. Excavations[edit] The Meidum Pyramid was excavated by John Shae Perring in 1837, Lepsius in 1843 and then by Flinders Petrie later in the nineteenth century, who located the mortuary temple, facing to the east. Mortuary Temple of Meidum Pyramid Mastabas[edit] The stone sarcophagus remains within the unmarked and undecorated granite built chamber.
Ammit Ammit (/ˈæmɨt/; "devourer" or "soul-eater"; also spelled Ammut or Ahemait) was a female demon in ancient Egyptian religion with a body that was part lion, hippopotamus and crocodile—the three largest "man-eating" animals known to ancient Egyptians. A funerary deity, her titles included "Devourer of the Dead", "Eater of Hearts", and "Great of Death". Ammit lived near the scales of justice in Duat, the Egyptian underworld. In the Hall of Two Truths, Anubis weighed the heart of a person against the feather of Ma'at, the goddess of truth, which was depicted as an ostrich feather (the feather was often pictured in Ma'at's headdress). If the heart was judged to be not pure, Ammit would devour it, and the person undergoing judgement was not allowed to continue their voyage towards Osiris and immortality. Ammit was not worshipped; instead she embodied all that the Egyptians feared, threatening to bind them to eternal restlessness if they did not follow the principle of Ma'at. See also[edit]
concepts metaphysiques Les Egyptiens pensaient que tout individu se composait de sept éléments: le corps, le nom, l’ombre le cœur, l’akh, le ba et le ka; certains de ces termes sont malaisés à appréhender car ces notions n'existent pas dans notre concept corps, âme et esprit. Les termes de Akh, Ba et Ka désignent les composantes de la partie spirituelle des hommes Ba représenté sous la forme d'un oiseau Tombe N° 359 à Deir El Medina Représenté comme un oiseau à tête humaine, le ba est l'énergie de communication, de transformation et de déplacement de chaque personne. Le corps djet (ou sab ou khet) matériel, est le réceptacle des composantes de la personnalité telles que le ba, le ka, l'akh, l'ombre ou le nom. Ka du roi Hor (fin du moyen empire) Il représente le double immatériel de l'être et incarne les forces vitales de chacun. Le ka était présent aussi bien chez les dieux que chez les hommes. Akh Ce terme est souvent traduit par « transfiguré » faute de mieux. Pesée du coeur