Social science (Wikipedia)

Category:Social sciences From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The social sciences are academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including anthropology, economics, geography, history, political science, psychology, social studies, and sociology. The social sciences consist of the scientific study of the human aspects of the world. Subcategories This category has the following 54 subcategories, out of 54 total. Pages in category "Social sciences" The following 65 pages are in this category, out of 65 total. Social relation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Any interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups A social relation is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups.[1] The group can be a language or kinship group, a social institution or organization, an economic class, a nation, or gender. History[edit] Early inquiries into the nature of social relations featured in the work of sociologists such as Max Weber in his theory of social action, where social relationships composed of both positive (affiliative) and negative (agonistic) interactions represented opposing effects.[5] Categorizing social interactions enables observational and other social research, such as Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (lit. Forms of relation and interaction[edit] See also[edit] Society portal Related disciplines[edit] References[edit]

Natural science The natural sciences are the sciences that seek to elucidate the rules that govern the natural world through scientific methods, the cornerstone of which is measured by quantitative data. Based on formal sciences, they also attempt to provide mathematical (either deterministic or stochastic) models of natural processes. The term "natural science" is used to distinguish the subject from the social sciences, such as economics, psychology and sociology, which apply the scientific method to the study of human behavior and social patterns; the humanities, which use a critical or analytical approach to study the human condition; and the formal sciences such as mathematics and logic, which use an a priori, as opposed to empirical methodology to study formal systems. There are five branches of natural science: astronomy, biology, chemistry, the Earth sciences and physics. Criteria[edit] Branches of natural science[edit] Biology[edit] Chemistry[edit] Materials science[edit] Physics[edit]

Category:Military science Military science is the study of military processes, institutions, and behavior, along with the study of warfare, and the theory and application of organized coercive force. It is mainly focused on theory, method, and practice of producing military capability in a manner consistent with national defense policy. Military science serves to identify the strategic, political, economic, psychological, social, operational, technological, and tactical elements necessary to sustain relative advantage of military force; and to increase the likelihood and favorable outcomes of victory in peace or during a war. Military scientists include theorists, researchers, experimental scientists, applied scientists, designers, engineers, test technicians, and other military personnel.

Philosophy Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.[1][2] Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument.[3] In more casual speech, by extension, "philosophy" can refer to "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group".[4] The word "philosophy" comes from the Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophia), which literally means "love of wisdom".[5][6][7] The introduction of the terms "philosopher" and "philosophy" has been ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras.[8] Areas of inquiry Philosophy is divided into many sub-fields. Epistemology Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge,[11] such as the relationships between truth, belief, and theories of justification. Rationalism is the emphasis on reasoning as a source of knowledge. Logic

Formal science Formal sciences are disciplines concerned with formal systems, such as logic, mathematics, statistics, theoretical computer science, information theory, game theory, systems theory, decision theory, and portions of linguistics. Whereas the natural sciences seek to characterize physical systems, the formal sciences are concerned with characterizing abstract structures described by sign systems. The formal sciences aid the natural sciences by providing information about the structures the latter use to describe the world, and what inferences may be made about them. History[edit] Formal sciences began before the formulation of scientific method, with the most ancient mathematical texts dating back to 1800 BC (Babylonian mathematics), 1600 BC (Egyptian mathematics) and 1000 BC (Indian mathematics). Besides mathematics, logic is another example of one of oldest subjects in the field of the formal sciences. Differences from other forms of science[edit] See also[edit] References[edit]

Category:Labor studies From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search See also Industrial relations (which looks at worker-management relations; labor studies looks more broadly at the labor movement, including art, cultural activities, sociology, etc.) Subcategories This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. Pages in category "Labor studies" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. Solidarity Solidarity is unity (as of a group or class) that produces or is based on unities of interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies.[1][2] It refers to the ties in a society that bind people together as one. The term is generally employed in sociology and the other social sciences as well as in philosophy or in Catholic social teaching.[3] In addition, solidarity is a core concept in Christian democracy political ideology.[4] What forms the basis of solidarity varies between societies. Solidarity is also one of six principles of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union[5] and December 20 of each year is International Human Solidarity Day recognized as an international observance. Émile Durkheim[edit] According to Émile Durkheim, the types of social solidarity correlate with types of society. Definition: it is social cohesion based upon the dependence individuals have on each other in more advanced societies. Peter Kropotkin[edit] Use in philosophy[edit] 1939. See also[edit]

Applied science Applied science is a discipline of science that applies existing scientific knowledge to develop more practical applications, such as technology or inventions. Within natural science, disciplines that are basic science, also called pure science, develop information to predict and perhaps explain—thus somehow understand—phenomena in the natural world. Applied science applies the basic science toward practical endeavors. Applied science is typically engineering, which develops technology, although there might be feedback between basic science and applied science: research and development (R&D). Medical sciences, for instance medical microbiology and its clinical virology, are applied sciences that apply biology toward medical knowledge and inventions, but not necessarily medical technology, whose development is more specifically biomedicine or bio-medical engineering. Applied science can also apply formal science, such as statistics and probability theory, as in epidemiology.