5.9 kiloyear event
The 5.9 kiloyear event was one of the most intense aridification events during the Holocene Epoch. It occurred around 3900 BC (5,900 years BP), ending the Neolithic Subpluvial and probably initiated the most recent desiccation of the Sahara desert. Cause[edit] Effects[edit] In the Middle East the 5.9 kiloyear event contributed to the abrupt end of the Ubaid period.[7] It was associated with an abandonment of unwalled villages and the rapid growth of hierarchically structured walled cities, and in the Jemdet Nasr period, with the first book-keeping scripts. See also[edit] References[edit]
Franck Goddio: Projects: Sunken civilizations: Heracleion
With a unique survey-based approach that utilises the most sophisticated technical equipment, Franck Goddio and his team, in cooperation with the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities, were able to locate, map and excavate parts of the city of Thonis-Heracleion, which lies 6.5 kilometres off today’s coastline. The city is located within an overall research area of 11 by 15 kilometres in the western part of Aboukir Bay at a depth of approx. 10 metres. Research started in 1996. It took years to map the entire area. The objects recovered from the excavations illustrate the cities’ beauty and glory, the magnificence of their grand temples and the abundance of historic evidence: colossal statues, inscriptions and architectural elements, jewellery and coins, ritual objects and ceramics - a civilization frozen in time. The port of Thonis-Heracleion had numerous large basins and functioned as a hub of international trade.
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Red Pyramid
The Red Pyramid was not always red. It used to be cased with white Tura limestone, but only a few of these stones now remain at the pyramid's base, at the corner. During the Middle Ages much of the white Tura limestone was taken for buildings in Cairo, revealing the durable reddish granite stone beneath. Isometric, plan and elevation images of the Red Pyramid Complex taken from a 3d model This pyramid forms the third largest granite building in the whole world to the present. History[edit] Comparison of approximate profiles of Red Pyramid with some notable pyramidal or near-pyramidal buildings. Archaeologists speculate its design may be an outcome of engineering crises experienced during the construction of Sneferu's two earlier pyramids. Modern day[edit] Detail of the massive corbel-vaulted ceiling of the main burial chamber The Red Pyramid, along with the Bent Pyramid, was closed to tourists for many years because of a nearby army camp. See also[edit] References[edit] Romer, John (2007).
Types of Human Memory
Memory is the retention of information over time. Although the word memory may conjure up an image of a singular, “all-or-none” process, it is clear that there are actually many kinds of memory, each of which may be somewhat independent of the others. One way to describe memory is by reference to the form it takes, that is, the different ways memory may be assessed: recall, recognition, and paired associates. The most popularly studied kind of memory is recall. A second type of memory is recognition, which is generally easier than recall, for example a history teacher gives four dates and learners are to choose the one that goes with the specific historical event. People often underestimate just how powerful their recognition memory is. Another kind of memory is called paired associates. Memory as the Flow of Information One prominent view conceives of memory as the flow of information through the mind. The distinction between short-term memory and working memory is an ongoing debate.
Minoan civilization
Map of Minoan Crete The Minoan civilization was an Aegean Bronze Age civilization that arose on the island of Crete and flourished from approximately the 27th century BC to the 15th century BC.[1] It was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century through the work of British archaeologist Arthur Evans. Will Durant referred to it as "the first link in the European chain."[2] The early inhabitants of Crete settled as early as 128,000 BC, during the Middle Paleolithic age.[3][4] It was not until 5000 BC that the first signs of advanced agriculture appeared, marking the beginning of civilization. Overview[edit] The term "Minoan" was coined by Arthur Evans after the mythic "king" Minos.[5] Minos was associated in Greek myth with the labyrinth, which Evans identified with the site at Knossos. Chronology and history[edit] Rather than associate absolute calendar dates for the Minoan period, archaeologists use two systems of relative chronology. History[edit] Geography[edit]
Meidum
Located about 100 km south of modern Cairo, Meidum or Maidum (Arabic: ميدوم) is the location of a large pyramid, and several large mud-brick mastabas. Pyramid[edit] The structure of the pyramid Passageway in the Meidum Pyramid The pyramid at Meidum is thought to have been originally built for Huni, the last pharaoh of the Third Dynasty, and was continued by Sneferu. The second extension turned the original step pyramid design into a true pyramid by filling in the steps with limestone encasing. Another view of Meidum Pyramid Some[who?] By the time it was investigated by Napoleon's Expedition in 1799 the Meidum Pyramid had its present 3 steps. Excavations[edit] The Meidum Pyramid was excavated by John Shae Perring in 1837, Lepsius in 1843 and then by Flinders Petrie later in the nineteenth century, who located the mortuary temple, facing to the east. Mortuary Temple of Meidum Pyramid Mastabas[edit] The stone sarcophagus remains within the unmarked and undecorated granite built chamber.
Types of Memory
What we usually think of as “memory” in day-to-day usage is actually long-term memory, but there are also important short-term and sensory memory processes, which must be worked through before a long-term memory can be established. The different types of memory each have their own particular mode of operation, but they all cooperate in the process of memorization, and can be seen as three necessary steps in forming a lasting memory. This model of memory as a sequence of three stages, from sensory to short-term to long-term memory, rather than as a unitary process, is known as the modal or multi-store or Atkinson-Shiffrin model, after Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin who developed it in 1968, and it remains the most popular model for studying memory. It is often also described as the process of memory, but I have used this description for the processes of encoding, consolidation, storage and recall in the separate Memory Processes section. In this section:
