Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning A Gaussian Mixture Model Layer Jointly Optimized with Discriminative Features within A Deep Neural Network Architecture Ehsan Variani, Erik McDermott, Georg Heigold ICASSP, IEEE (2015) Adaptation algorithm and theory based on generalized discrepancy Corinna Cortes, Mehryar Mohri, Andrés Muñoz Medina Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD 2015) Adding Third-Party Authentication to Open edX: A Case Study John Cox, Pavel Simakov Proceedings of the Second (2015) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 277-280 An Exploration of Parameter Redundancy in Deep Networks with Circulant Projections Yu Cheng, Felix X.
Science Systematic endeavour to gain knowledge Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe.[1][2] Modern science is typically divided into two or three major branches:[3] the natural sciences (e.g., physics, chemistry, and biology), which study the physical world; and the social sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology), which study individuals and societies.[4][5] Applied sciences are disciplines that use scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine.[6][7][8] While sometimes referred to as the formal sciences, the study of logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science (which study formal systems governed by axioms and rules)[9][10] are typically regarded as separate because they rely on deductive reasoning instead of the scientific method or empirical evidence as their main methodology.[11][12][13][14] Etymology History Early history Middle Ages Awards
Internet U.S. Army soldiers "surfing the Internet" at Forward Operating Base Yusifiyah, Iraq The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It is a network of networks[1] that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), the infrastructure to support email, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing and telephony. Most traditional communications media, including telephony and television, are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and Internet Protocol television (IPTV). Terminology Users
SNNAP Neurosimulator Software - The University of Texas Medical School at Houston SNNAP (Simulator for Neural Networks and Action Potentials) is a tool for rapid development and simulation of realistic models of single neurons and neural networks. It includes mathematical descriptions of ion currents and intracellular second messengers and ions. In addition, you can simulate current flow in multicompartment models of neurons by using the equations describing electric coupling. SNNAP also includes mathematical descriptions of intracellular second messengers and ions, and simulate the modulation of membrane currents and synaptic transmission, either enhancement or inhibition. Other advantages of SNNAP include: Written in JAVA and can run on virtually any type of computer system. Attention SNNAP users: Version 8.1 of SNNAP[ zip - 28.30 mb ] is now available!
NoSQL Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. En informatique, NoSQL désigne une famille de systèmes de gestion de base de données (SGBD) qui s'écarte du paradigme classique des bases relationnelles. L'explicitation du terme la plus populaire de l'acronyme est Not only SQL (« pas seulement SQL » en anglais) même si cette interprétation peut être discutée[1]. La définition exacte de la famille des SGBD NoSQL reste sujette à débat. L'architecture machine en clusters induit une structure logicielle distribuée fonctionnant avec des agrégats répartis sur différents serveurs permettant des accès et modifications concurrentes mais imposant également de remettre en cause de nombreux fondements de l'architecture SGBD relationnelle traditionnelle, notamment les propriétés ACID. Éléments historiques[modifier | modifier le code] La domination historique des SGBD relationnels[modifier | modifier le code] Les pionniers du modèle "NoSQL"[modifier | modifier le code] Théorie[modifier | modifier le code]
Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning: Contents Carl Edward Rasmussen and Christopher K. I. Williams MIT Press, 2006. ISBN-10 0-262-18253-X, ISBN-13 978-0-262-18253-9. This book is © Copyright 2006 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The MIT Press have kindly agreed to allow us to make the book available on the web. The whole book as a single pdf file. List of contents and individual chapters in pdf format Frontmatter Table of Contents Series Foreword Preface Symbols and Notation 1 Introduction 1.1 A Pictorial Introduction to Bayesian Modelling 1.2 Roadmap 2 Regression 2.1 Weight-space View 2.2 Function-space View 2.3 Varying the Hyperparameters 2.4 Decision Theory for Regression 2.5 An Example Application 2.6 Smoothing, Weight Functions and Equivalent Kernels 2.7 History and Related Work 2.8 Appendix: Infinite Radial Basis Function Networks 2.9 Exercises 3 Classification 3.1 Classification Problems 3.2 Linear Models for Classification 3.3 Gaussian Process Classification 3.4 The Laplace Approximation for the Binary GP Classifier 3.7 Experiments
Computer science Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations History[edit] The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks such as the abacus have existed since antiquity, aiding in computations such as multiplication and division. Further, algorithms for performing computations have existed since antiquity, even before sophisticated computing equipment were created. Blaise Pascal designed and constructed the first working mechanical calculator, Pascal's calculator, in 1642.[3] In 1673 Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated a digital mechanical calculator, called the 'Stepped Reckoner'.[4] He may be considered the first computer scientist and information theorist, for, among other reasons, documenting the binary number system. Contributions[edit] Philosophy[edit]
Data mining Process of extracting and discovering patterns in large data sets Data mining is the process of extracting and discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and database systems.[1] Data mining is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science and statistics with an overall goal of extracting information (with intelligent methods) from a data set and transforming the information into a comprehensible structure for further use.[1][2][3][4] Data mining is the analysis step of the "knowledge discovery in databases" process, or KDD.[5] Aside from the raw analysis step, it also involves database and data management aspects, data pre-processing, model and inference considerations, interestingness metrics, complexity considerations, post-processing of discovered structures, visualization, and online updating.[1] Etymology[edit] Background[edit] The manual extraction of patterns from data has occurred for centuries. Process[edit]
The Open Source Definition Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria: 1. Free Redistribution The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. 2. The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. 3. The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software. 4. The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. 5. The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Machine Learning Philosophy Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.[1][2] Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument.[3] In more casual speech, by extension, "philosophy" can refer to "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group".[4] The word "philosophy" comes from the Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophia), which literally means "love of wisdom".[5][6][7] The introduction of the terms "philosopher" and "philosophy" has been ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras.[8] Areas of inquiry Philosophy is divided into many sub-fields. Epistemology Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge,[11] such as the relationships between truth, belief, and theories of justification. Rationalism is the emphasis on reasoning as a source of knowledge. Logic
Hypertext Markup Language Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. L’Hypertext Markup Language, généralement abrégé HTML, est le format de données conçu pour représenter les pages web. C’est un langage de balisage permettant d’écrire de l’hypertexte, d’où son nom. Dénomination[modifier | modifier le code] L’anglais Hypertext Markup Language se traduit littéralement en langage de balisage d’hypertexte[1]. Le public non averti parle parfois de HTM au lieu de HTML, HTM étant l’extension de nom de fichier tronquée à trois lettres, une limitation qu’on trouve sur d’anciens systèmes d’exploitation de Microsoft. Évolution du langage[modifier | modifier le code] Durant la première moitié des années 1990, avant l’apparition des technologies web comme JavaScript, les feuilles de style en cascade et le Document Object Model, l’évolution de HTML a dicté l’évolution du World Wide Web. 1989-1992 : Origine[modifier | modifier le code] 1993 : Apports de NCSA Mosaic[modifier | modifier le code] [modifier | modifier le code]