PCR Virtual Lab / Learn Genetics

Primers are short pieces of DNA that are made in a laboratory. Since they're custom built, primers can have any sequence of nucleotides you'd like. In a PCR experiment, two primers are designed to match to the segment of DNA you want to copy. Through complementary base pairing, one primer attaches to the top strand at one end of your segment of interest, and the other primer attaches to the bottom strand at the other end. In most cases, 2 primers that are 20 or so nucleotides long will target just one place in the entire genome. Primers are also necessary because DNA polymerase can't attach at just any old place and start copying away. DNA Polymerase is a naturally occurring complex of proteins whose function is to copy a cell's DNA before it divides in two. The DNA polymerase in our bodies breaks down at temperatures well below 95 °C (203 °F), the temperature necessary to separate two complementary strands of DNA in a test tube.

Genetics Course|Biology Course Summary This course is based on 7.03 Genetics, Fall 2004 made available by Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare under the Creative Commons BY-NC-SA license. This course discusses the principles of genetics with application to the study of biological function at the level of molecules, cells, and multicellular organisms, including humans. Reading Material 1. Course Material Not available. Other Resources 1. Software

Two Page Version, Dalhousie Immunology Bookcase The Two Page Version The immune system depends on the complex interaction between many diverse elements. It is important to remember that, although it is involved in a number of disease processes, the primary function of the immune system is to combat infectious agents. Because of this, a good understanding of how the immune system works can be gained by examining how it combats infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. There are four major components of the immune system involved in fighting off pathogens: 1. Each of these components will be dealt with in detail in this textbook but their important functions are very briefly summarized below. Antibodies specifically bind to pathogens to bring them to the attention of other parts of the immune system (Complement and phagocytic cells). Complement refers to a cascade of small proteins that bind to pathogens and poke holes in their outer surface causing death (Appendix 2). Origin of the Cells of the Immune System

Five fingers of evolution - Paul Andersen In his talk, Paul Andersen explains the five causes of microevolution. Research one example for each cause in the human population. Use the following population simulator to simulate microevolution: Run the simulation using the default settings. Note the change in gene frequencies due to chance.

Acute Oxygen Prescribing Oxygen therapy. Forever argued by opposing factions throughout the hospital. Traditionally the anaesthetists have always maintained the standpoint that hypoxia is far more detrimental than hypercarbia, and advocated the use of high inspired concentrations of oxygen, at high flows. Since 2008 there has finally been agreement following the publication of the British Thoracic Society Guideline on Emergency Oxygen Therapy in Adults. Maximising the utility of oxygen saturations as a useful measure of oxygenationAvoidance of acute on chronic type 2 respiratory failure in patients sensitive to high concentrations of inspired oxygen We have a local implementation of this guideline, and you can download it here. Be Sociable, Share!

Surgical Exam