Not Another Icebreaker! I was recently privy to a conversation about icebreakers—folks were exploring whether icebreakers are successful or not. I learned a lot about why some people love them and a lot of people hate them. On Thin Ice Lots of people hear the word "icebreaker" and cringe. Icebreakers are perceived as touchy-feely, frivolous, and a big waste of time. Others suggest the dislike of icebreakers may not be so much a reflection of the culture but of the individuals themselves. Still, despite their bad reputation, icebreakers remain a highly valued component of many learning sessions, no matter the age, level, or geographic location of the learners. The first suggestion to improve the effectiveness of icebreaker activities involves changing the name. What to Call Them? As a marketer myself, I am keenly aware of a brand in need of a makeover. Why Bother? Whatever you choose to call them, trainers around the world keep using icebreakers because they are powerful tools. The Right Way Tell them everything.
Victimology Study of victimization Victimology is the study of victimization, including the psychological effects on victims, the relationship between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system—that is, the police and courts, and corrections officials—and the connections between victims and other social groups and institutions, such as the media, businesses, and social movements.[1] Victim of a crime[edit] In criminology and criminal law, a victim of a crime is an identifiable person who has been harmed individually and directly by the perpetrator, rather than by society as a whole. Consequences of crimes[edit] Victims may experience the following psychological reactions: Increase in the realization of personal vulnerability.The perception of the world as meaningless and incomprehensible.They view themselves in a negative light.[2] The experience of victimization may result in increasing fear on the part of the victim, and the spread of fear in the community.
Nicht-Ort Der Begriff Nicht-Ort (frz. non-lieu, engl. non-place) bezeichnet ein Gedankengebäude des französischen Anthropologen Marc Augé. Nicht-Orte sind insbesondere mono-funktional genutzte Flächen im urbanen und suburbanen Raum wie Einkaufszentren (Shopping Malls), Autobahnen, Bahnhöfe und Flughäfen. Der Unterschied zum traditionellen, insbesondere anthropologischen Ort besteht im Fehlen von Geschichte, Relation und Identität, sowie in einer kommunikativen Verwahrlosung. Vorläufer einer Theorie der Nicht-Orte[Bearbeiten] Bereits vor Marc Augé beschäftigten sich Wissenschaftler mit dem Wandel des städtischen Raumes. „[The] weakening of the identity of places to the point where they not only look alike but feel alike and offer the same bland possibilities for experience“ (Relph 1976, 90). „In general, the heterotopic site is not freely accessible like a public place. Der Begriff Nicht-Ort wurde schließlich von Michel de Certeau in seinem Hauptwerk Kunst des Handelns geprägt. Non-Lieux[Bearbeiten]
Moral agency Ability to make ethical judgements Moral agency is an individual's ability to make moral choices based on some notion of right and wrong and to be held accountable for these actions.[1] A moral agent is "a being who is capable of acting with reference to right and wrong. Development and analysis[edit] Most philosophers suggest only rational beings, who can reason and form self-interested judgments, are capable of being moral agents. Determinists argue all of our actions are the product of antecedent causes, and some believe this is incompatible with free will and thus claim that we have no real control over our actions. In Kant's philosophy, this calls for an act of faith, the faith free agent is based on something a priori, yet to be known, or immaterial. Psychologist Albert Bandura has observed that moral agents engage in selective moral disengagement in regards to their own inhumane conduct.[4] Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood[edit] Artificial moral agents[edit]
Robert Cialdini Robert B. Cialdini is Regents' Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Marketing at Arizona State University. He is best known for his 1984 book on persuasion and marketing, Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion. Influence has sold over 2 million copies and has been translated into twenty-six languages. Influence[edit] Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion (ISBN 0-688-12816-5) has also been published as a textbook under the title Influence: Science and Practice (ISBN 0-321-01147-3). In writing the book, he spent three years going "undercover" applying for jobs and training at used car dealerships, fund-raising organizations, and telemarketing firms to observe real-life situations of persuasion. Harvard Business Review lists Dr. Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion was included in 50 Psychology Classics (ISBN 978-1-85788-386-2) by Tom Butler-Bowdon. 6 key principles of influence by Robert Cialdini[edit] Selected publications[edit] Yes! See also[edit] References[edit] External links[edit]
Victimisation Process of being or subjected to a victim Victimisation (or victimization) is the state or process of being victimised or becoming a victim. The field that studies the process, rates, incidence, effects, and prevalence of victimisation is called victimology. Peer victimisation[edit] Peer victimisation is the experience among children of being a target of the aggressive behaviour of other children, who are not siblings and not necessarily age-mates.[1] Secondary victimisation[edit] Secondary victimization (also known as post crime victimization[2] or double victimization[3]) refers to further victim-blaming from criminal justice authorities following a report of an original victimization.[2] Revictimisation[edit] The term revictimisation refers to a pattern wherein the victim of abuse and/or crime has a statistically higher tendency to be victimised again, either shortly thereafter[4] or much later in adulthood in the case of abuse as a child. Offenders choosing pre-traumatized victims[edit]
David Riesman David Riesman (September 22, 1909 – May 10, 2002) was a sociologist, educator and best-selling commentator on American society. Career[edit] The Lonely Crowd[edit] Horowitz says The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American Character in 1950: quickly became the nation’s most influential and widely read mid-century work of social and cultural criticism. The book is largely a study of modern conformity, which postulates the existence of the "inner-directed" and "other-directed" personalities. Ironically, this creates a tightly grouped crowd of people that is yet incapable of truly fulfilling each other's desire for sexual pleasure. American higher education[edit] In addition to his many other publications, Riesman was also a noted commentator on American higher education, publishing, with his seminal work, The Academic Revolution co-written with Christopher Jencks. References[edit] Further reading[edit] Galbo, Joseph. External links[edit] Quotations related to David Riesman at Wikiquote
Persecutory delusion Delusion involving perception of persecution Medical condition A persecutory delusion is a type of delusional condition in which the affected person believes that harm is going to occur to oneself by a persecutor, despite a clear lack of evidence. The person may believe that they are being targeted by an individual or a group of people. The causality of persecutory delusions are a combination of genetic (family history) and environmental (drug and alcohol use, emotional abuse) factors. Signs and symptoms[edit] People who present with this form of delusion are often in the bottom 2% in terms of psychological well-being.[3] A correlation has been found between the imagined power the persecutor has and the control the sufferer has over the delusion. Causes[edit] Persecutory delusions are thought to be linked with problems in self-other control, that is, when an individual adjusts the representation of oneself and others in social interactions. Treatment[edit] Diagnosis[edit] See also[edit]
Other Concept[edit] A person's definition of the 'Other' is part of what defines or even constitutes the self (in both a psychological and philosophical sense) and other phenomena and cultural units. It has been used in social science to understand the processes by which societies and groups exclude 'Others' whom they want to subordinate or who do not fit into their society. The concept of 'otherness' is also integral to the comprehending of a person, as people construct roles for themselves in relation to an 'other' as part of a process of reaction that is not necessarily related to stigmatization or condemnation.[citation needed] Othering is imperative to national identities, where practices of admittance and segregation can form and sustain boundaries and national character. History[edit] The concept that the self requires the Other to define itself is an old one and has been expressed by many writers: Husserl used the idea as a basis for intersubjectivity. Imperialism[edit] Knowledge[edit]