Third Reich Nazi Germany, also known as the Third Reich, is the common name for Germany when it was a totalitarian state ruled by Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP). On 30 January 1933 Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany, by the President of the Weimar Republic, Paul von Hindenburg, beginning the process of eliminating all opposition and the consolidation of power to become the sole leader of Germany in August 1934. The state idolized Hitler as its Führer ("leader"), centralizing all power in his hands. Historians have emphasized the hypnotic effect of his rhetoric on large audiences, and of his eyes in small groups. Racism, especially antisemitism, was a feature of society in Nazi Germany. Germany made increasingly aggressive demands, threatening war if they were not met. Name The official name of the state was the Deutsches Reich ("German Reich") from 1933 to 1943, and the Großdeutsches Reich ("Greater German Reich") from 1943 to 1945. History Background
The Diary of a Young Girl The Diary of a Young Girl (also known as The Diary of Anne Frank) is a book of the writings from the Dutch language diary kept by Anne Frank while she was in hiding for two years with her family during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. The family was apprehended in 1944 and Anne Frank died of typhus in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. The diary was retrieved by Miep Gies, who gave it to Anne's father, Otto Frank, the only known survivor of the family. Anne named her diary "Kitty". Anne Frank's compositions[edit] In manuscript, Anne Frank's original diaries are written over three extant volumes. The diary is not written in the classic forms of "Dear Diary" or as letters to one's self, but as letters to imaginary friends "Kitty", "Conny", "Emmy", "Pop", and "Marianne". There has been much conjecture about the identity or inspiration of Kitty, who in Anne's revised manuscript is the sole recipient of her letters. Editorial history[edit] Other English translations[edit]
My Grandmother's Story Interview by Dalia Levine My grandmother, Sonia Bar, was only in her teens when Hitler spread messages of hatred across Europe and the world. Her remarkable experience about how she escaped, and the hardships she endured, was told to us when she visited my school in October. My grandmother was born in Radzivillof, Poland on June 10, 1922. She had two younger siblings, a sister named Sarah and a brother named Isaac. In her hometown, she was surrounded by aunts, uncles, and cousins; about 200 people were in her extended family. Dalia's Mother, Dalia, andDalia's Grandmother In 1939, Poland was divided between the Germans and Russians; the Russians entered the divided Poland. "It wasn't easy, but I knew that in order to survive I had to do my best," she stated. In 1941, she married Israel Bar, whose father sold tobacco and owned a food store. "There were rumors that the Germans were cruel, but nobody could believe that something so catastrophical as this could happen," Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs.
Holocaust Timeline: The Rise of the Nazi Party While in prison, Hitler wrote volume one of Mein Kampf (My Struggle) , which was published in 1925. This work detailed Hitler's radical ideas of German nationalism, antisemitism, and anti-Bolshevism. Linked with Social Darwinism, the human struggle that said that might makes right, Hitler's book became the ideological base for the Nazi Party's racist beliefs and murderous practices. This site discusses many of the ideas contained within Mein Kampf. After Hitler was released from prison, he formally resurrected the Nazi Party. was elected president in 1925, and Germany stabilized. Hitler skillfully maneuvered through Nazi Party politics and emerged as the sole leader. The Nazi Party began building a mass movement. was the paramilitary unit of the Party, a propaganda arm that became known for its strong arm tactics of street brawling and terror. was established as an elite group with special duties within the SA, but it remained inconsequential until Heinrich Himmler
Holocaust Timeline Jump to: 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1933 January 30, 1933 - Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany a nation with a Jewish population of 566,000. February 22, 1933 - 40,000 SA and SS men are sworn in as auxiliary police. February 27, 1933 - Nazis burn Reichstag building to create crisis atmosphere. Terms of use: Private home/school non-commercial, non-Internet re-usage only is allowed of any text, graphics, photos, audio clips, other electronic files or materials from The History Place.
The Holocaust, Crimes, Heroes and Villains 'Female Schindler' who saved 2,500 Jewish children, has died aged 98 By Richard Pendlebury Updated: 12:21 GMT, 22 May 2008 She smuggled out the children in suitcases, ambulances, coffins, sewer pipes, rucksacks and, on one occasion, even a tool box. Those old enough to ask knew their saviour only by her codename "Jolanta". But she kept hidden a meticulous record of all their real names and new identities - created to protect the Jewish youngsters from the pursuing Nazis - so they might later be re-united with their families. Her finest hour: Irena Sendler rescued thousands of Jewish children By any measure, Irena Sendler was one of the most remarkable and noble figures to have emerged from the horrors of World War II. When the Germans finally caught her, the Roman Catholic social worker had managed to save 2,500 Jewish babies and toddlers from deportation to the concentration camps. She had spirited them out of the heavily-guarded Jewish ghetto in Warsaw, and hidden their identities in two glass jars buried under an apple tree in her neighbour's garden.
Hitler Comes to Power In the early 1930s, the mood in Germany was grim. The worldwide economic depression had hit the country especially hard, and millions of people were out of work. Still fresh in the minds of many was Germany's humiliating defeat fifteen years earlier during World War I, and Germans lacked confidence in their weak government, known as the Weimar Republic. These conditions provided the chance for the rise of a new leader, Adolf Hitler, and his party, the National Socialist German Workers' Party, or Nazi party for short. Hitler was a powerful and spellbinding speaker who attracted a wide following of Germans desperate for change. The party's rise to power was rapid. JUNE 28, 1919TREATY OF VERSAILLES ENDS WORLD WAR IIn the Treaty of Versailles, which followed German defeat in World War I, the victorious powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, and other allied states) impose severe terms on Germany.
Nazi Racism For years before Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany, he was obsessed with ideas about race. In his speeches and writings, Hitler spread his beliefs in racial "purity" and in the superiority of the "Germanic race"—what he called an Aryan "master race." He pronounced that his race must remain pure in order to one day take over the world. For Hitler, the ideal "Aryan" was blond, blue-eyed, and tall. When Hitler and the Nazis came to power, these beliefs became the government ideology and were spread in publicly displayed posters, on the radio, in movies, in classrooms, and in newspapers. The Nazis began to put their ideology into practice with the support of German scientists who believed that the human race could be improved by limiting the reproduction of people considered "inferior." Hitler and other Nazi leaders viewed the Jews not as a religious group, but as a poisonous "race," which "lived off" the other races and weakened them.
The astonishing story of how a humble London stockbroker saved 669 children - most of them Jews - from Czechoslovakia on the eve of World War II | Mail Online Nicholas Winton, then 29, spent his 2 weeks vacation in 1938 traveling to Prague to see how he could help save peopleHe left with lists of hundreds of children and forged headed paper claiming he worked for the British Committee for RefugeesAfter finding homes for the children in England, it was taking too long to finalize their documents so he forged many and bribed officialsHe saved 669 kids - many of whose parents died in concentration campsHe kept his story quiet for nearly 50 years before featuring on a British TV show and even the children did not know he had saved themA book about his story - written by his daughter - is released next month By Lydia Warren Published: 18:24 GMT, 28 April 2014 | Updated: 19:02 GMT, 28 April 2014 In 1938, London stockbroker Nicholas Winton decided to use his two weeks vacation to get to work. 'It worked, that's the man thing,' he said, grinning. Scroll down for video 'And they were looking of ways of at least getting their children out...
My thoughts (Hilter's dictatorship) Hitler’s ‘master race’ children haunted by their past by Russell Grigg Article from:Creation29(4):32-34September 2007 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Richard Freimark. Between 1935 and 1945, there were born some 10,000 children in Germany and an estimated 9,000 in Norway as part of a Nazi genetic engineering plan to build up an Aryan ‘master-race’ or super-breed of humanity. This scheme was known as the Lebensborn or ‘Fountain of Life’ program. Special clinics were set up where SS men1 were encouraged to mate with blue-eyed, blonde Nordic girls who had no Jewish ancestry, in order to produce ‘racially pure’ German offspring. Social Darwinism in action This was social Darwinism or eugenics in action. The Germany of Hitler’s day was steeped in this social Darwinism. Darwin’s Origin of Species had been translated into German in 1860,8 followed by his Descent of Man in 1875 (which showed that Darwin was himself a social Darwinist!). Hitler and Darwin Evolutionary ideas infest all that is worst in Mein Kampf. Related articles
Nicholas Winton and the Rescue of Children from Czechoslovakia, 1938–1939 Nicholas Winton was born Nicholas Wertheimer on May 19, 1909, in West Hampstead, England, and baptized as a member of the Anglican Church by decision of his parents who were of German Jewish ancestry. He was a stockbroker by profession. Nicholas Winton organized a rescue operation that brought approximately 669 children, mostly Jewish, from Czechoslovakia to safety in Great Britain before the outbreak of World War II. In December 1938, Martin Blake, a friend and an instructional master at the Westminster School in London, asked Winton to forego his planned ski vacation and visit him in Czechoslovakia, where he had traveled in his capacity as an associate of the British Committee for Refugees from Czechoslovakia. After Munich, Winton had been certain that the Germans would occupy the rest of Bohemia and Moravia before long. Winton returned to London to organize the rescue operation on that end. The total number of children rescued through Winton's efforts is not yet certain.
World War II: An Overview It was the bloodiest, deadliest war the world had ever seen. More than 38 million people died, many of them innocent civilians. It also was the most destructive war in history. For Americans, World War II had a clear-cut purpose. In Asia and the Pacific, Japanese armies invaded country after country, island after island. What Caused World War II? Most historians believe that the causes of World War II can be traced to World War I (1914-1918). Germany and its allies had been the losers in World War I. A League of Nations was set up after World War I to keep the peace. Then, in the early 1930s, the world was hit by an economic depression. Rise of Dictatorships Germany, Italy, and Japan all came under the rule of dictators or military leaders. Hitler began to arm Germany for war. A World at War Hitler had a plan to conquer Europe. Churchill's words came true. A Changed World Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945, ending the war in Europe. President Franklin D.