Constitution
Set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity, and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.[1] When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a written constitution; if they are written down in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a codified constitution. Some constitutions (such as that of the United Kingdom) are uncodified, but written in numerous fundamental Acts of a legislature, court cases or treaties.[2] Etymology General features Generally, every modern written constitution confers specific powers on an organization or institutional entity, established upon the primary condition that it abides by the constitution's limitations. Ancient See also
Political system
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia System of politics and government It defines the process for making official government decisions. It usually comprizes the governmental legal and economic system, social and cultural system, and other state and government specific systems. However, this is a very simplified view of a much more complex system of categories involving the questions of who should have authority and what the government influence on its people and economy should be. The main types of political systems recognized are democracies, totalitarian regimes and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes with a variety of hybrid regimes.[2][3] Modern classification system also include monarchies as a standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three.[4][5] Social political science [edit] The sociological interest in political systems is figuring out who holds power within the relationship between the government and its people and how the government’s power is used.
Political science
Scientific study of politics A world map distinguishing countries of the world as federations (green) from unitary states (blue), a work of political science Political science is the scientific study of politics. Modern political science can generally be divided into the three subdisciplines of comparative politics, international relations, and political theory.[2] Other notable subdisciplines are public policy and administration, domestic politics and government, political economy, and political methodology.[3] Furthermore, political science is related to, and draws upon, the fields of economics, law, sociology, history, philosophy, human geography, political anthropology, and psychology. History[edit] Origin[edit] The journal Political Science Quarterly was established in 1886 by the Academy of Political Science. Behavioural revolution and new institutionalism[edit] 21st century[edit] Overview[edit] Country-specific studies[edit] Anticipating crises[edit] Subfields[edit] Cognate fields[edit]
Marxism
Marxism is the name for a set of political and economic ideas. The core ideas are that the world is divided into classes, the workers and the richer capitalists who exploit the workers, there is a class conflict that should ultimately result in socialism (workers own means of production), and then communism (stateless, classless society). These ideas come from the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. People disagree a lot on how a Marxist society should be organized: "Marxist political economists differ over their definitions of capitalism, socialism and communism. What is it? The working class vs. the capitalist class[change | change source] Marxism says that people in the world are organized into different groups, or classes, based on what they do for work. Most people are called "workers" because they work in factories, offices, or farms for money. Another group, who are not as big as the working class, are "capitalists" (or "bourgeoisie"). Class struggle[change | change source]
