Fallacies Dr. Michael C. Labossiere, the author of a Macintosh tutorial named Fallacy Tutorial Pro 3.0, has kindly agreed to allow the text of his work to appear on the Nizkor site, as a Nizkor Feature. It remains © Copyright 1995 Michael C. Labossiere, with distribution restrictions -- please see our copyright notice. If you have questions or comments about this work, please direct them both to the Nizkor webmasters (webmaster@nizkor.org) and to Dr. Other sites that list and explain fallacies include: Constructing a Logical Argument Description of Fallacies In order to understand what a fallacy is, one must understand what an argument is. There are two main types of arguments: deductive and inductive. A fallacy is, very generally, an error in reasoning.
Identifying and Understanding the Fallacies Used in Advertising ReadWriteThink couldn't publish all of this great content without literacy experts to write and review for us. If you've got lessons plans, videos, activities, or other ideas you'd like to contribute, we'd love to hear from you. More Find the latest in professional publications, learn new techniques and strategies, and find out how you can connect with other literacy professionals. More Teacher Resources by Grade Your students can save their work with Student Interactives. More Home › Classroom Resources › Lesson Plans Lesson Plan
Kissing Hank's Ass "Effing the ineffable since 1996" Looking over my most recent articles I notice that they tend to be pretty negative. That's not really the kind of person I am. Or at least not the kind of person I want to be. So I thought it might be nice to get away from mocking religion for a while and instead talk about one of my heroes: Adam Savage. Adam Savage is the host of "Mythbusters," a science reality show on The Discovery Channel. But "Mythbusters" isn't why Adam Savage is my hero. He discusses everything from the value of failure to the construction of a replica Maltese falcon. On top of all that, he makes no secret about being an atheist, while at the same time never being an ass about it. As it happens, I live just across the bay from the Mythbusters' home base at M5 Industries. But here's the strange thing: even though I've lived here for 8 1/2 years, I've never seen Adam Savage in person. Proof from Coolest Name Proof from Mythbusting Proof from Hot Coals Character, Crazy or Confirmed.
Logical Fallacies Logic and Neutrality The Stone is a forum for contemporary philosophers and other thinkers on issues both timely and timeless. Here’s an idea many philosophers and logicians have about the function of logic in our cognitive life, our inquiries and debates. It isn’t a player. Rather, it’s an umpire, a neutral arbitrator between opposing theories, imposing some basic rules on all sides in a dispute. The picture is that logic has no substantive content, for otherwise the correctness of that content could itself be debated, which would impugn the neutrality of logic. One way to develop this idea is by saying that logic supplies no information of its own, because the point of information is to rule out possibilities, whereas logic only rules out inconsistencies, which are not genuine possibilities. The idea that logic is uninformative strikes me as deeply mistaken, and I’m going to explain why. Leif Parsons Another debate in which logical theories are players concerns the ban on contradictions.
Scientists Confirm that Plants Talk and Listen To Each Other, Communication Crucial for Survival When a South African botanist Lyall Watson claimed in 1973 that plants had emotions that could be recorded on a lie detector test, he was dismissed by many in the scientific community. However, new research, published in the journal Trends in Plant Science, has revealed that plants not only respond to sound, but they also communicate to each other by making "clicking" sounds. Using powerful loudspeakers, researchers at The University of Western Australia were able to hear clicking sounds coming from the roots of corn saplings. Researchers at Bristol University also found that when they suspended the young roots in water and played a continuous noise at 220Hz, a similar frequency to the plant clicks, they found that the plants grew towards the source of the sound. "Everyone knows that plants react to light, and scientists also know that plants use volatile chemicals to communicate with each other, for instance, when danger - such as a herbivore - approaches," Dr.
Clé des procédés littéraires Tout ce qui peut se faire dans le domaine des lettres: effet de style, "fleur de rhétorique", forme poétique, type d'argument, artifice romanesque, jeu de mot... se trouve ici; y compris le geste et le dessin accompagnant du texte. Sur les 100 000 façons de communiquer, combien y en eut-il d'identifiées, de nommées, de Cicéron à Joyce, des védas au post-modernisme? En voici quelque 8 000, françaises pour la plupart. Elles ont été classées, comparées, dotées d'exemples. Même inconnues, elles vous sont accessibles: par les exemples, par l'index des termes de leurs définitions, par leurs circonstances d'utilisation, par leurs catégories de classement. Pour connaître les figures, analyser des textes, élaborer des façons d'écrire, allez à Mode d'emploi. Vous pouvez aussi faire une visite guidée Visiteurs: Accès à la Clé:
Logically Speaking Graham Priest interviewed by Richard Marshall. Graham Priest is one of the giants of philosophical logic. He has written many books about this, including Doubt Truth to be a Liar, Towards Non-Being: the Logic and Metaphysics of Intentionality, Beyond the Limits of Thought, In Contradiction: A Study of the Transconsistent and Introduction to Non-Classical Logic. He can be found in Melbourne and New York, and sometimes in St. 3:AM: You’re famous for denying that propositions have to be either true or false (and not both or neither) but before we get to that, can you start by saying how you became a philosopher? Graham Priest: Well, I was trained as a mathematician. 3:AM: Now, you’re interested in the very basis of how we think. GP: Well, first a clarification. 3:AM: So paraconsistent logic is a logic that tries to work out how we might formally understand treating some propositions as being both true and false at the same time. So for ‘logic’. But more should be said.
A Trip Through The Universe - “For You To Enjoy And Share With Friends” - Another trip through the Universe travelling at the speed of light. Again it gives you the perspective of actually tiy we are and how vast the Universe actually is. The Milky Way is a huge city of stars, so big that even at the speed of light, it would take 100,000 years to travel across it.
Figure de style Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Une figure de style, du latin figura, est un procédé d’expression qui s’écarte de l’usage ordinaire de la langue et donne une expressivité particulière au propos. On parle également de figure de rhétorique ou de figure du discours. Si certains auteurs établissent des distinctions dans la portée des deux expressions, l’usage courant en fait des synonymes. Substitution opérée par la métaphore : « Ils viennent les chevaux de la Mer ! Les figures de style, liées à l'origine à l'art rhétorique, sont l’une des caractéristiques des textes qualifiés de « littéraires ». Chaque langue a ainsi ses propres figures de style ; leur traduction pose souvent des problèmes de fidélité par rapport à l'image recherchée. Les figures de style constituent un vaste ensemble complexe de procédés variés et à l’étude délicate. Définition et caractéristiques[modifier | modifier le code] (Gérard de Nerval, Les Chimères, El Desdichado) — Paul Valéry[3] — Henri Suhamy[D 2]
Abductive reasoning Abductive reasoning (also called abduction,[1] abductive inference[2] or retroduction[3]) is a form of logical inference that goes from an observation to a hypothesis that accounts for the observation, ideally seeking to find the simplest and most likely explanation. In abductive reasoning, unlike in deductive reasoning, the premises do not guarantee the conclusion. One can understand abductive reasoning as "inference to the best explanation".[4] The fields of law,[5] computer science, and artificial intelligence research[6] renewed interest in the subject of abduction. History[edit] The American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) first introduced the term as "guessing".[7] Peirce said that to abduce a hypothetical explanation from an observed circumstance is to surmise that may be true because then would be a matter of course.[8] Thus, to abduce from involves determining that is sufficient, but not necessary, for For example, suppose we observe that the lawn is wet. allows deriving
Harvard cracks DNA storage, crams 700 terabytes of data into a single gram A bioengineer and geneticist at Harvard’s Wyss Institute have successfully stored 5.5 petabits of data — around 700 terabytes — in a single gram of DNA, smashing the previous DNA data density record by a thousand times. The work, carried out by George Church and Sri Kosuri, basically treats DNA as just another digital storage device. Instead of binary data being encoded as magnetic regions on a hard drive platter, strands of DNA that store 96 bits are synthesized, with each of the bases (TGAC) representing a binary value (T and G = 1, A and C = 0). To read the data stored in DNA, you simply sequence it — just as if you were sequencing the human genome — and convert each of the TGAC bases back into binary. It is only with recent advances in microfluidics and labs-on-a-chip that synthesizing and sequencing DNA has become an everyday task, though. Just think about it for a moment: One gram of DNA can store 700 terabytes of data.
Figurez-vous que vous avez du style! On pourrait croire que les figures de style sont l’apanage des grands auteurs et des professeurs de français qui prennent plaisir à tourmenter leurs étudiants... Pourtant, chacun de nous emploie quotidiennement plusieurs procédés stylistiques. Sans même y penser, nous agrémentons notre discours de métaphores, de métonymies ou d’ellipses. C’est pourquoi nous vous invitons à découvrir quelques procédés stylistiques... que vous connaissez peut-être déjà, sans le savoir. Lorsque vous connaîtrez mieux les figures de style, pourquoi ne pas tester vos connaissances et faire une grille de mots croisés sur le sujet?
Deductive reasoning Deductive reasoning links premises with conclusions. If all premises are true, the terms are clear, and the rules of deductive logic are followed, then the conclusion reached is necessarily true. Deductive reasoning (top-down logic) contrasts with inductive reasoning (bottom-up logic) in the following way: In deductive reasoning, a conclusion is reached reductively by applying general rules that hold over the entirety of a closed domain of discourse, narrowing the range under consideration until only the conclusion(s) is left. In inductive reasoning, the conclusion is reached by generalizing or extrapolating from, i.e., there is epistemic uncertainty. Simple example[edit] An example of a deductive argument: All men are mortal.Socrates is a man.Therefore, Socrates is mortal. The first premise states that all objects classified as "men" have the attribute "mortal". Law of detachment[edit] Main article: Modus ponens P → Q (conditional statement)P (hypothesis stated)Q (conclusion deduced) P → Q.