Brains Sweep Themselves Clean Of Toxins During Sleep

Katherine Streeter for NPR While the brain sleeps, it clears out harmful toxins, a process that may reduce the risk of Alzheimer's, researchers say. During sleep, the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain increases dramatically, washing away harmful waste proteins that build up between brain cells during waking hours, a study of mice found. "It's like a dishwasher," says Dr. Maiken Nedergaard, a professor of neurosurgery at the University of Rochester and an author of the study in Science. The results appear to offer the best explanation yet of why animals and people need sleep. Nedergaard and a team of scientists discovered the cleaning process while studying the brains of sleeping mice. The scientists noticed that during sleep, the system that circulates cerebrospinal fluid through the brain and nervous system was "pumping fluid into the brain and removing fluid from the brain in a very rapid pace," Nedergaard says. So why doesn't the brain do this sort of housekeeping all the time?

Working with Dreams: Techniques of CG Jung & James Hillman Working with Dreams: Depth Psychology Techniques of Carl Gustav Jung and James Hillman Dream work is ancient, it’s long tradition evidenced in the temples of Asclepius in Greece where individuals went to be healed through their dreams. Dreams have been an important aspect of many spiritual traditions, and even Freud considered the study of dreams to be his most important work. There are many methods of dream analysis. In The Dream and the Underworld, archetypal psychologist and post-Jungian James Hillman prefers to allow the dream and dream symbols to remain what they are, and not to analyze and interpret them but to simply interact with them and see what comes about. I find Hillman’s technique enjoyable and rewarding as an activity, like reading a good book or watching a movie with a plot and characters that take place in front of your eyes. Jung asserts, “A dream…is a product of the total psyche. Some References Hillman, J. (1979). Hoss, R. Johnson, R. Jung, C. Sardello, R. (1995).

Why broken sleep is a golden time for creativity — A... It is 4.18am. In the fireplace, where logs burned, there are now orange lumps that will soon be ash. Orion the Hunter is above the hill. It is 4.18am and I am awake. If I write in these small hours, black thoughts become clear and colourful. All humans, animals, insects and birds have clocks inside, biological devices controlled by genes, proteins and molecular cascades. The Romans, Greeks and Incas woke up without iPhone alarms or digital radio clocks. Societies built around industrialisation and clock-time brought with them urgency and the concept of being ‘on time’ or having ‘wasted time’. Then, in the late 19th century, everything changed. The lights got turned on. Modern, electrical illumination revolutionised the night and, in turn, sleep. Sleep patterns of the past might surprise us today. Before electric lighting, night was associated with crime and fear – people stayed inside and went early to bed. Updates on everything new at Aeon. It is 7.04am.

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