Silenus Ancient Greek mythological figure In Greek mythology, Silenus (; Ancient Greek: Σειληνός Seilēnos) was a companion and tutor to the wine god Dionysus. He is typically older than the satyrs of the Dionysian retinue (thiasos), and sometimes considerably older, in which case he may be referred to as a Papposilenus. The plural sileni refers to the mythological figure as a type that is sometimes thought to be differentiated from a satyr by having the attributes of a horse rather than a goat, though usage of the two words is not consistent enough to permit a sharp distinction.[citation needed] Evolution of the character[edit] Statue of Silenus, detail The original Silenus resembled a folkloric man of the forest, with the ears of a horse and sometimes also the tail and legs of a horse.[1] The later sileni were drunken followers of Dionysus, usually bald and fat with thick lips and squat noses, and having the legs of a human. Silenus as member of the Dionysian entourage Papposilenus[edit] [edit]
Sacrilege Sacrilege is the violation or injurious treatment of a sacred object, site or person. This can take the form of irreverence to sacred persons, places, and things. When the sacrilegious offence is verbal, it is called blasphemy, and when physical, it is often called desecration. In a less proper sense, any transgression against what is seen as the virtue of religion would be a sacrilege, and so is coming near a sacred site without permission. The term "sacrilege" originates from the Latin sacer, meaning sacred, and legere, meaning to steal. Most ancient religions have a concept analogous to sacrilege, often considered as a type of taboo. Christianity[edit] A medieval painting depicting host desecration by Jews With the advent of Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire, the Emperor Theodosius criminalized sacrilege in an even more expansive sense, including heresy, schism, and offenses against the emperor, such as tax evasion. Etymology[edit] England and Wales[edit] 7.
Marsyas In Greek mythology, the satyr Marsyas (; Greek: Μαρσύας) is a central figure in two stories involving music: in one, he picked up the double oboe (aulos) that had been abandoned by Athena and played it;[1][2] in the other, he challenged Apollo to a contest of music and lost his hide and life. In antiquity, literary sources often emphasise the hubris of Marsyas and the justice of his punishment. Family[edit] Mythology[edit] The finding of the aulos[edit] Marsyas and Apollo[edit] In the contest between Apollo and Marsyas, which was judged by the Muses or the Nysean nymphs[13][14] the terms stated that the winner could treat the defeated party any way he wanted. There are several versions of the contest; according to Hyginus, Marsyas was departing as victor after the first round, when Apollo, turning his lyre upside down, played the same tune. Yet another version states that Marsyas played the flute out of tune, and hence accepted his defeat. The wise Marsyas[edit] In later art[edit]
Homosexuality Sexual attraction or behavior between members of the same sex or gender Homosexuality is a sexual attraction, romantic attraction, or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender.[1][2][3] As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" exclusively to people of the same sex or gender.[4] It "also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions."[5][6] The most common terms for homosexual people are lesbian for females and gay for males, but the term gay also commonly refers to both homosexual females and males. Many gay and lesbian people are in committed same-sex relationships. Etymology Gay especially refers to male homosexuality,[34] but may be used in a broader sense to refer to all LGBT people. History Africa Americas Indigenous cultures Canada United States East Asia South Asia Europe Classical period Causes
Pederasty in ancient Greece Pederastic couples at a symposium, as depicted on a tomb fresco from the Greek colony of Paestum in Italy. The man on the right tries to kiss the youth with whom he is sharing a couch.[1] Pederasty in ancient Greece was a socially acknowledged romantic relationship between an adult male (the erastes) and a younger male (the eromenos) usually in his teens.[2] It was characteristic of the Archaic and Classical periods.[3] The influence of pederasty on Greek culture of these periods was so pervasive that it has been called "the principal cultural model for free relationships between citizens."[4] Terminology[edit] Kouros representing an idealized youth, c. 530 BCE The word erômenos, or "beloved" (ἐρώμενος, plural eromenoi), is the masculine form of the present passive participle from erô, viewed by Dover as the passive or subordinate sexual participant. a beautiful creature without pressing needs of his own. Origins[edit] Social aspects[edit] Political expression[edit] In myth and religion[edit]
Alcibiades Athenian statesman Alcibiades, son of Cleinias[a] (c. 450–404 BC), from the deme of Scambonidae, was a prominent Athenian statesman, orator, and general. He was the last famous member of his mother's aristocratic family, the Alcmaeonidae, which fell from prominence after the Peloponnesian War. He played a major role in the second half of that conflict as a strategic advisor, military commander, and politician. During the course of the Peloponnesian War, Alcibiades changed his political allegiance several times. Scholars have argued that had the Sicilian expedition been under Alcibiades's command instead of that of Nicias, the expedition might not have met its eventual disastrous fate.[1] In the years when he served Sparta, Alcibiades played a significant role in Athens's undoing; the capture of Decelea and the revolts of several critical Athenian subjects occurred either at his suggestion or under his supervision. Early years[edit] Political career until 412 BC[edit] Recall to Athens[edit]
François-André Vincent François-André Vincent (30 December 1746 – 4 August 1816) was a French neoclassical painter.[1] Biography[edit] Chancellor Antoine Chaumont de La Galaizière receiving homage from the First President of the Court of Lorraine in Nancy on March 21, 1737 He was the son of the miniaturist François-Elie Vincent and studied under Joseph-Marie Vien. François-André Vincent was a pupil of École Royale des Éleves Protégés. In 1790, Vincent was appointed master of drawings to Louis XVI of France, and in 1792 he became a professor at the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture in Paris. He was a leader of the neoclassical and historical movement in French art, along with his rival Jacques-Louis David, another pupil of Vien. Works[edit] Belisarius by François-André Vincent, painted 1776 Portrait of Pierre Roussea Portrait de la baronne de Chalvet-Souville, née Marie de Broutin (detail) See also[edit] References[edit] Further reading[edit] External links[edit]
Alexander Nehamas Biography[edit] Nehamas was born in Athens, Greece in 1946. In 1964, he enrolled to Swarthmore College. He graduated in 1967 and completed his doctorate (titled Predication and the Theory of Forms in the 'Phaedo') under the direction of Gregory Vlastos at Princeton University in 1971. Philosophical work[edit] His early work was on Platonic metaphysics and aesthetics as well as the philosophy of Socrates, but he gained a wider audience with his 1985 book Nietzsche: Life as Literature (Harvard University Press), in which he argued that Nietzsche thought of life and the world on the model of a literary text.[3] Nehamas has said, "The virtues of life are comparable to the virtues of good writing—style, connectedness, grace, elegance—and also, we must not forget, sometimes getting it right In 2016, Nehamas published a book, On Friendship, based on his 2008 Gifford Lectures.[6] In it, he argues, contra Aristotle, that friendship is an aesthetic, but not always moral, good. Selected works[edit]
Platonic love Non-romantic love The term is derived from the name of Greek philosopher Plato, though the philosopher never used the term himself. Platonic love, as devised by Plato, concerns rising through levels of closeness to wisdom and true beauty, from carnal attraction to individual bodies to attraction to souls, and eventually, union with the truth.[4][clarification needed] Classical philosophical interpretation[edit] "... virtue for the Greeks means self-sameness ... in Plato's terms, Being or idea Eros[edit] Pausanias, in Plato's Symposium (181b–182a), defines two types of the love known as "Eros": vulgar Eros, or earthly love, and divine Eros, or divine love. Vulgar Eros and divine Eros were both considered to be connected, and part of the same continuous process of pursuing perfection of one's being,[6] with the purpose of mending one's human nature and eventually reaching a point of unity where there is no longer an aspiration or need to change.[7] Eros as a god[edit] Virtue[edit] Tragedy[edit]
Queer studies Study of issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity Originally centered on LGBT history and literary theory, the field has expanded to include the academic study of issues raised in archaeology, sociology, psychiatry, anthropology, the history of science, philosophy, psychology, sexology, political science, ethics, and other fields by an examination of the identity, lives, history, and perception of being queer. Queer studies is not the same as queer theory, which is an analytical viewpoint within queer studies (centered on literary studies and philosophy) that challenges the existence of "socially constructed" categories of sexual identity.[2] Background[edit] Queer is the implicit identity of gender and sex, and how it is incorporated in individuals lives. Though a new discipline, a growing number of colleges have begun offering academic programs on the expansive topics of queer. Queer as a reclaimed slur[edit] History[edit] Anti-Gay Curriculum Laws[edit] Brazil[edit]
Louis Crompton Louis Crompton (born April 5, 1925, Port Colborne, Ontario; died July 11, 2009, El Cerrito, California), son of Master Mariner Clarence and Mabel Crompton, was a Canadian-born scholar, professor, author, and pioneer in the instruction of queer studies.[1] Crompton received an M.A. in mathematics from the University of Toronto in 1948 and a Ph.D. in English from the University of Chicago in 1954. After teaching mathematics at the University of British Columbia and the University of Toronto,[2] he joined the English department at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 1955, retiring in 1989. During his career, he gained an international reputation as a scholar of the works of George Bernard Shaw.[1] In 1970, Crompton taught a gay studies class at UNL, the second such course offered in the United States, an action that raised LGBT awareness in academia, Nebraska, and the nation. Crompton received many awards and honors during his career, including the Bonnie Zimmerman and Vern L. Works[edit]