Zeitgeist

Poverty.com - Hunger and World Poverty German philosophy German philosophy, here taken to mean either (1) philosophy in the German language or (2) philosophy by Germans, has been extremely diverse, and central to both the analytic and continental traditions in philosophy for centuries, from Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz through Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger and Ludwig Wittgenstein to contemporary philosophers. Søren Kierkegaard (a Danish philosopher) is frequently included in surveys of German (or Germanic) philosophy due to his extensive engagement with German thinkers.[1][2][3][4] 17th century[edit] Leibniz[edit] Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) was both a philosopher and a mathematician who wrote primarily in Latin and French. Leibniz is noted for his optimism - his Théodicée[5] tries to justify the apparent imperfections of the world by claiming that it is optimal among all possible worlds. 18th century[edit] Wolff[edit] Kant[edit] 19th century[edit]

United States Constitution, Bill of Rights, Declaration of Independence: United for Human Rights United States Declaration of Independence (1776) In 1776, Thomas Jefferson penned the American Declaration of Independence. On July 4, 1776, the United States Congress approved the Declaration of Independence. Its primary author, Thomas Jefferson, wrote the Declaration as a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and as a statement announcing that the thirteen American Colonies were no longer a part of the British Empire. Philosophically, the Declaration stressed two themes: individual rights and the right of revolution. The Constitution of the United States of America (1787) and Bill of Rights (1791) The Bill of Rights of the US Constitution protects basic freedoms of United States citizens. The Bill of Rights protects freedom of speech, freedom of religion, the right to keep and bear arms, the freedom of assembly and the freedom to petition.

Aesthetics Philosophical study of art and beauty Aesthetics tries to find answers to what exactly is art and what makes good art. It considers what happens in our minds when we view visual art, listen to music, read poetry, enjoy delicious food, and engage in large artistic projects like creating and experiencing plays, fashion shows, films, and television programs. It can also focus on how humans regard various forms of beauty in the natural world. Its function is the "critical reflection on art, culture and nature".[4][5] The term was introduced into the English language by Thomas Carlyle in his Life of Friedrich Schiller (1825).[9] History of aesthetics [edit] The history of the philosophy of art as aesthetics covering the visual arts, the literary arts, the musical arts and other artists forms of expression can be dated back at least to Aristotle and the ancient Greeks. The forms also differ in their object of imitation. Aesthetics and the philosophy of art Factors involved in aesthetic judgment

This edible water blob could replace plastic bottles What's one solution to the growing problem of plastic water bottle waste? A trio of Spanish design students think they have the answer, and it involves creating a "water bottle" that you can eat, reports Co.Exist. Designers Rodrigo García González, Guillaume Couche and Pierre Paslier call their creation "Ooho," a gelatinous blob that is actually a membrane that encapsulates water like a bladder. When you're thirsty, just puncture the membrane and drink. Or, if you also have an appetite, just pop a bite-sized Ooho in your mouth and chomp down for a burst of hydration. The Ooho globule is formed through a process called "spherification," a methodology first pioneered in 1946 and still utilized by some chefs in modern cuisine. "Anyone can make them in their kitchen, modifying and innovating the recipe," said co-designer García. Similar products have already made it to the market; an edible food delivery system called WikiPearl is available at select Whole Foods markets. Related on MNN:

Arthur Schopenhauer German philosopher (1788–1860) Life[edit] Early life[edit] In 1797, Arthur was sent to Le Havre to live with the family of his father's business associate, Grégoire de Blésimaire. In 1803, he accompanied his parents on a European tour of Holland, Britain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Prussia. Heinrich offered Arthur a choice: he could stay at home and start preparations for university, or he could travel with them and continue his merchant education. In 1805, Heinrich drowned in a canal near their home in Hamburg. Arthur showed similar moodiness during his youth and often acknowledged that he inherited it from his father. Arthur spent two years as a merchant in honor of his dead father. His mother moved away, with her daughter Adele, to Weimar—then the centre of German literature—to enjoy social life among writers and artists. Arthur moved to Hamburg to live with his friend Jean Anthime, who was also studying to become a merchant. Education[edit] Early work[edit] Later life[edit]

Rent or Buy? The Math Is Changing Photo Billy Gasparino and Jenna Dillon-Gasparino were savvy enough to wait out the housing boom of a decade ago as renters. Not until 2010, well into the bust, did they buy a house in the Venice neighborhood of Los Angeles, less than a mile from the beach, for $810,000. Only four years later, the couple see new signs of excess in the housing market and have decided to go back to renting. They are close to a deal to sell their house – for $1.35 million, a cool 67 percent gain. “It just seems like the housing market came back so strongly, so fast, that maybe there’s a little bit of a bubble there,” said Mr. Their decision reflects a new reality in many of the nation’s largest metropolitan areas. Continue reading the main story The Times also created an online calculator that enables prospective buyers and renters to analyze their own decision. “A lot of these coastal markets look overvalued compared to rents,” said Mark Zandi, the chief economist at Moody’s Analytics.

Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (/kænt/;[1] German: [ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl kant]; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher who is widely considered to be a central figure of modern philosophy. He argued that fundamental concepts structure human experience, and that reason is the source of morality. His thought continues to have a major influence in contemporary thought, especially the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and aesthetics.[2] Kant's major work, the Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1781),[3] aimed to explain the relationship between reason and human experience. Kant argued that our experiences are structured by necessary features of our minds. Kant aimed to resolve disputes between empirical and rationalist approaches. Biography[edit] Immanuel Kant was born in 1724 in Königsberg, Prussia (since 1946 the city of Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia). Young Kant was a solid, albeit unspectacular, student. Young scholar[edit] [edit]

"Star Trek: The Next Generation" The Measure of a Man (TV Episode 1989) - Quotes Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz German mathematician and philosopher (1646–1716) Gottfried Wilhelm (von)[a] Leibniz[b] (1 July 1646 [O.S. 21 June] – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat. Leibniz is also called, "The Last Universal Genius" due to his knowledge and skills in different fields and because such people became less common during the Industrial Revolution and spread of specialized labor after his lifetime.[17] He is a prominent figure in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics. As a philosopher, he was a leading representative of 17th-century rationalism and idealism. In the 20th century, Leibniz's notions of the law of continuity and transcendental law of homogeneity found a consistent mathematical formulation by means of non-standard analysis. Biography[edit] Early life[edit] Gottfried Leibniz was born on July 1, 1646, toward the end of the Thirty Years' War, in Leipzig, Saxony, to Friedrich Leibniz and Catharina Schmuck.

Interview: Jimmy Carter, Author Of 'A Call To Arms' Prakash Methema/AFP/Getty Images Editor's note: To hear our full interview with Jimmy Carter, tune into Weekend Edition on Sunday, March 23. President Jimmy Carter has written more than two dozen books over the course of his career, about everything from the art of aging to how to achieve peace in the Middle East. All his writing is anchored by a deep-seated belief in the equality of all people. In his new book, A Call To Action, Carter tackles a fundamental question of equality head-on: the subjugation of women in cultures around the world. Carter joins NPR's Rachel Martin to talk about the state of human trafficking and whether religion can be a conduit for lasting change around gender. Interview Highlights On how the Bible is used to argue for both equality and the inferiority of women There are some verses ... On human trafficking We have a terrible affliction here of slavery. On whether religion is a conduit for lasting change around gender

Rationalism In epistemology, rationalism is the view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge"[1] or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification".[2] More formally, rationalism is defined as a methodology or a theory "in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive".[3] Rationalists believe reality has an intrinsically logical structure. Because of this, rationalists argue that certain truths exist and that the intellect can directly grasp these truths. That is to say, rationalists assert that certain rational principles exist in logic, mathematics, ethics, and metaphysics that are so fundamentally true that denying them causes one to fall into contradiction. Philosophical usage[edit] Rationalism is often contrasted with empiricism. Theory of justification[edit] The theory of justification is the part of epistemology that attempts to understand the justification of propositions and beliefs. The other two theses[edit]

Does Teaching Kids To Get 'Gritty' Help Them Get Ahead? hide captionAt the Lenox Academy in Brooklyn, N.Y., educators try to teach kids to see struggle as a normal part of learning. Tovia Smith/NPR At the Lenox Academy in Brooklyn, N.Y., educators try to teach kids to see struggle as a normal part of learning. Tovia Smith reported this audio story in two parts on Morning Edition and All Things Considered. To hear Part One, click 'Listen To The Story' above. For Part Two, 'Lessons In Grit,' click the link below. It's become the new buzz phrase in education: "Got grit?" Around the nation, schools are beginning to see grit as key to students' success — and just as important to teach as reading and math. Experts define grit as persistence, determination and resilience; it's that je ne sais quoi that drives one kid to practice trumpet or study Spanish for hours — or years — on end, while another quits after the first setback. "It's a very, I think, American idea in some ways — really pursuing something against all odds," she says.

Rationalization Rationalization may refer to: