Oil platform. An oil platform, (offshore platform or colloquially oil rig) is a large structure with facilities to drill wells, to extract and process oil and natural gas, and to temporarily store product until it can be brought to shore for refining and marketing. In many cases, the platform contains facilities to house the workforce as well.
Depending on the circumstances, the platform may be fixed to the ocean floor, may consist of an artificial island, or may float. Remote subsea wells may also be connected to a platform by flow lines and by umbilical connections. These subsea solutions may consist of one or more subsea wells, or of one or more manifold centres for multiple wells. History[edit] Around 1891, the first submerged oil wells were drilled from platforms built on piles in the fresh waters of the Grand Lake St. Around 1896, the first submerged oil wells in salt water were drilled in the portion of the Summerland field extending under the Santa Barbara Channel in California. Types[edit] PetroWiki - Darcy's law. Background[edit] One application of Darcy's law is to water flow through an aquifer; Darcy's law along with the equation of conservation of mass are equivalent to the groundwater flow equation, one of the basic relationships of hydrogeology.
Darcy's law is also used to describe oil, water, and gas flows through petroleum reservoirs. Description[edit] Diagram showing definitions and directions for Darcy's law. Darcy's law at constant elevation is a simple proportional relationship between the instantaneous discharge rate through a porous medium, the viscosity of the fluid and the pressure drop over a given distance. where q is the flux (discharge per unit area, with units of length per time, m/s) and is the pressure gradient vector (Pa/m).
Darcy's law is a simple mathematical statement which neatly summarizes several familiar properties that groundwater flowing in aquifers exhibits, including: Derivation[edit] For stationary, creeping, incompressible flow, i.e. where is the viscosity, direction, Rotary steerable system. A rotary steerable system (RSS) is a form of drilling technology used in directional drilling.
It employs the use of specialized downhole equipment to replace conventional directional tools such as mud motors. They are generally programmed by the measurement while drilling (MWD) engineer or directional driller who transmits commands using surface equipment (typically using either pressure fluctuations in the mud column or variations in the drill string rotation) which the tool responds to, and gradually steers into the desired direction. In other words, a tool designed to drill directionally with continuous rotation from the surface, eliminating the need to "slide" a mud motor. The first known patent application is from Christopher G. Cross in 1873 for "Drills for Boring Artesian Wells",[1] followed in 1884 by the brothers Morris and Clarence Baker for a "Machine for Operating Drills"[2] See also[edit] Directional boring References[edit] External links[edit]
Picking_up_pipe_with_elevators_by_tmz99-d50fbap.jpg (1103×724)