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Dennis Ritchie. Personal life[edit] Career[edit] In 1967, Ritchie began working at the Bell Labs Computing Sciences Research Center, and in 1968, he received a PhD from Harvard under the supervision of Patrick C.

Dennis Ritchie

Fischer, his doctoral dissertation being "Program Structure and Computational Complexity".[6] C (programming language) C is one of the most widely used programming languages of all time,[8][9] and C compilers are available for the majority of available computer architectures and operating systems.

C (programming language)

C is an imperative (procedural) language. It was designed to be compiled using a relatively straightforward compiler, to provide low-level access to memory, to provide language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, and to require minimal run-time support. C was therefore useful for many applications that had formerly been coded in assembly language, such as in system programming. Ken Thompson. American computer scientist, creator of the Unix operating system Early life and education[edit] Thompson was born in New Orleans.

Ken Thompson

When asked how he learned to program, Thompson stated, "I was always fascinated with logic and even in grade school I'd work on arithmetic problems in binary, stuff like that. Just because I was fascinated. " Thompson received a Bachelor of Science in 1965 and a Master's degree in 1966, both in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, from the University of California, Berkeley, where his master's thesis advisor was Elwyn Berlekamp.[4] Unix. Unix (all-caps UNIX for the trademark) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, developed in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.[3] Many clones of Unix have arisen over the years, of which Linux is the most popular, having overtaken the popularity of "true" Unix on server platforms since its inception in the early 1990s.

Unix

Overview Originally, Unix was meant to be a programmer's workbench to be used for developing software to be run on multiple platforms[8] more than to be used to run application software. The system grew larger as the operating system started spreading in the academic circle, as users added their own tools to the system and shared them with colleagues.[9] History Standards In 1999, in an effort towards compatibility, several Unix system vendors agreed on SVR4's Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) as the standard for binary and object code files. Components. Endgame tablebase. A typical interface for querying a tablebase An endgame tablebase is a computerized database that contains precalculated exhaustive analysis of a chess endgame position.

Endgame tablebase

It is typically used by a computer chess engine during play, or by a human or computer that is retrospectively analysing a game that has already been played. The solutions have profoundly advanced the chess community's understanding of endgame theory. Some positions which humans had analyzed as draws were proven to be winnable; the tablebase analysis could find a mate in more than five hundred moves, far beyond the horizon of humans, and beyond the capability of a computer during play. Tablebases have enhanced competitive play and facilitated the composition of endgame studies. While endgame tablebases for other board games like checkers,[3] chess variants[4] or Nine Men's Morris[5] exist, when a game is not specified, it is assumed to be chess.

Background[edit] More recent contributors have included the following people: Go (programming language) "Google Go" redirects here.

Go (programming language)

For the computer program by Google to play the board game Go, see AlphaGo. Two major implementations exist: With this type definition, ipv4addr(x) interprets the uint32 value x as an IP address. Simply assigning x to a variable of type ipv4addr is a type error. [citation needed] // ZeroBroadcast reports whether addr is 255.255.255.255.func (addr ipv4addr) ZeroBroadcast() bool { return addr == 0xFFFFFFFF} An interface specifies a set of types by listing required methods and their types, and is satisfied by any type that has the required methods.

Go critics assert that: The Go authors put substantial effort into molding the style and design of Go programs: Go includes the same sort of debugging, testing, and code-vetting tools as many language distributions. It also includes profiling and debugging support, runtime instrumentation (to, for example, track garbage collection pauses), and a race condition tester. Douglas McIlroy. His seminal work on software componentization,[1] makes him a pioneer of component-based software engineering and software product line engineering.

Douglas McIlroy

McIlroy (left) with former colleague Dennis Ritchie at the Japan Prize Foundation in May 2011. Dr. Terminology - What is negative code.