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Gifford Lecture Series - Over 100 Years of Renowned Lectures on Natural Theology

Gifford Lecture Series - Over 100 Years of Renowned Lectures on Natural Theology

Internet Sacred Text Archive Home Test your Morals, Values & Ethics Home Welcome to the website of Alister McGrath, who will take up the Andreas Idreos Professorship of Science and Religion at Oxford University on 1 April 2014. After taking First Class Honours in Chemistry at Oxford University in 1975, I worked for several years in the Oxford laboratories of Professor G. K. 2014 Boyle Lecture The Boyle Lectures, delivered in the historic church of St Mary-le-Bow in the City of London, has become the United Kingdom’s premier annual public lecture in science and religion. Oxford Journals | Life Sciences | Behavioral Ecology Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews

The John Templeton Foundation 自然哲学的数学原理 《自然哲学的数学原理》 《自然哲学的数学原理》(拉丁文:Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica),是英国科学家艾萨克·牛顿的三卷本代表作,成书于1686年。1687年7月5日该书的拉丁文版首次出版发行。[1][2]牛顿本人之后又分别于1713年与1726年进行了两次修订。 该书的宗旨在于从各种运动现象探究自然力,再用这些力说明各种自然现象。 1747年法国数学家、物理学家亚历克西斯·克劳德·克莱罗称“《自然哲学的数学原理》标志着一个物理学革命的新纪元。 牛顿在书中使用的一些数学方法与现代的微积分有较大不同,反而似乎是刻意回避使用。 牛顿还在《自然哲学的数学原理》的修订版中提出了他的名言“我不做假设。” 内容[编辑] 概要[编辑] 在《原理》的序言裡,牛顿写道[9]: [...] 《原理》主要研究巨观物体在不同条件下(例如不同的受力情况,在零阻尼或阻尼介质中),按照不同力学定律的运动情况,以此得出在自然界中真正的力学定律。 《原理》的序言中以修订版和附录的形式收录了他在1684年所作De motu corporum in gyrum中的全部内容。 《原理》以“定义(约定)”和“公理或运动的定律定律”[10]开篇,正文包括三卷: 第一卷 论物体的运动[编辑] 全书第一卷“论物体的运动”(拉丁文:De motu corporum)研究物体在无阻尼环境中的运动。 第二部分 (命题1-10)给出了向心力与面积率(现称作“开普勒第二定律”)的关系(命题1-3),推出了圆周运动中速度、曲率半径与径向力的关系[11](命题 4), 还提出物体在受到遵从平方反比定律的力作用下沿圆锥曲线轨道运动。 第三部分到第六部分(命题11-31)讨论了物体沿圆锥曲线(例如椭圆)轨道的运动的性质及其与平方反比定率的关系。 第九部分(命题43-45)中牛顿证明,受向心力沿拱点改变的偏心轨道运动的物体,只要其远地点与近地点连线方向不变,可说明物体受平方反比力。 第十一部分 (命题57-69)讨论了“以向心力相互趋向的物体的运动”。 第十二部分 (命题70-84)讨论了“球体的引力”。 第二卷 论物体的运动[编辑] 牛顿将原定收录于第一部分中的一些主要讨论物体在阻尼介质中运动的内容单独分离出来构成第二卷。 第二卷经得起时间考验的内容不如另两卷那样多。 第三卷 论宇宙的系统[编辑] 研究哲学的规则[编辑]

Voltaire French writer, historian, and philosopher (1694–1778) François-Marie Arouet (French: [fʁɑ̃swa maʁi aʁwɛ]; 21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778) was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher (philosophe). Known by his nom de plume M. de Voltaire (;[5][6][7] also ;[8][9] French: [vɔltɛːʁ]), he was famous for his wit, and his criticism of Christianity—especially of the Roman Catholic Church—and of slavery. Voltaire was an advocate of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state. Early life François-Marie Arouet was born in Paris, the youngest of the five children of François Arouet (1649–1722), a lawyer who was a minor treasury official, and his wife, Marie Marguerite Daumard (c. 1660–1701), whose family was on the lowest rank of the French nobility. By the time he left school, Voltaire had decided he wanted to be a writer, against the wishes of his father, who wanted him to become a lawyer. Career Early fiction Great Britain Château de Cirey Prussia Poetry

Mei Yue 的分享空間 | Just another WordPress.com site Voltaire Enlightenment From Voltaire Voltaire's Deism "It is then apparent that, if there are great crimes on the earth, there are as many virtues; and that, if superstition produces horrible sufferings, philosophy redresses them." "We hold the Jews in horror, and we insist that all which has been written by them, and collected by us, bears the stamp of Divinity. There never was so palpable a contradiction." "Let each of us boldly and honestly say: How little it is that I really know!" "What is faith? "The most beautiful of all emblems is that of God, whom Timaeus of Locris describes under the image of 'A circle whose center is everywhere and circumference nowhere.'" "An almost infallible means of saving yourself from the desire of self-destruction is always to have something to do." "A good action is preferable to an argument." "Our wretched species is so made that those who walk on the well-trodden path always throw stones at those who are opening a new road."

人物介紹 十五世紀 十六世紀 十七世紀 十八世紀 十九世紀 二十世紀 十五世紀 1481 Guainerio: : nominal aphasia (esp. proper nouns) 十六世紀 1509 Ambroise Pare (1509-1590) greates surgeon of renaissance discard application of boiled oil substitute with egg yolk, oil of roses, and turpentine 2 patients: lacquay (servant) of Gouaines. rapier wound to the left of parietal lobe, fever, lost his speech, bled, clysterized (enema) page of the Marshall of Montjean: deaf as a result of a temporo-parietal lesion from a blow from a stone 1530 Grafenberg: Observationes medicae de capite humano 1585 Johann Schenck von Grafenberg of Strabourg (1530-1598) severe motor aphasia without paralysis of the tongue -> aphasia = abolition of memory 1558 Nicola Massa (Paduan physician & siphilologist) Case Marcus Goro: halberd injury, fracture of skull, damage to meninges, brain substance, base of skull, open wound after extraction of the last fragment of the bone, patient: "Ad Dei laudem, sum sanus" 1596 Descartes, Rene 1596-1650 1628-49? 1628-49? 1628-49? born in Touraine

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