Postpositivism In philosophy and models of scientific inquiry, postpositivism (also called postempiricism) is a metatheoretical stance that critiques and amends positivism. While positivists believe that the researcher and the researched person are independent of each other, postpositivists accept that theories, background, knowledge and values of the researcher can influence what is observed.[1] However, like positivists, postpositivists pursue objectivity by recognizing the possible effects of biases.[1] Postpositivists believe that human knowledge is based not on unchallengeable, rock-solid foundations, but rather upon human conjectures. Postpositivists believe that a reality exists, like positivists do, though they hold that it can be known only imperfectly and probabilistically.[1] One of the first thinkers to criticize logical positivism was Sir Karl Popper. Main publications[edit] See also[edit] Notes[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b c Robson, Colin (2002). References[edit] External links[edit]
Summary of Hegel's Philosophy of Mind Up to the English Server! Paul Trejo, August 1993 For over 180 years students have complained that Hegel's best-known book of philosophy, the PHENOMENOLOGY OF MIND (alias PHENOMENOLOGY OF SPIRIT), is too difficult to read. A few have tried to summarize Hegel's book, and often their summaries were longer than the original, and just as difficult to read. Today, right here on the INTERNET, I give to you a twelve page summary of this famous book, a book that inspired generations of European philosophers since it first appeared in 1807. This summary is meant for the beginner in phenomenological philosophy, to encourage more students to struggle with the book for themselves. This book has a colorful history, and is well praised by thinkers as David Strauss, Bruno Bauer, Marx, Engels, Ortega y Gasset, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Lacan, Camus, and many more.
What does the Universe look like as seen from its most distant galaxy? “One sees qualities at a distance and defects at close range.” -Victor Hugo A couple of weeks ago we took a look at the most distant galaxy (so far) in the known Universe, a galaxy so far away that it takes exclusively infrared observations from our most power space telescopes (Hubble and Spitzer) in order to detect it. What’s perhaps even more remarkable is that the light we do detect from it — the light we detected in the infrared — was actually emitted in the Ultraviolet part of the spectrum! Image credit: NASA, ESA, Garth Illingworth (University of California, Santa Cruz) and Rychard Bouwens (University of California, Santa Cruz and Leiden University) and the HUDF09 Team. It’s only the vast expansion-and-redshift of the Universe that has taken place, along with the fact that the light has been traveling for some 13.4 billion years, that allow us to observe it as we do. Image credit: Dave Morrow, ©2013 OneBigPhoto.com. Image credit: Richard Powell of
NASA Starts Work on Real Life Star Trek Warp Drive Jean Baudrillard Jean Baudrillard (/ˌboʊdriːˈɑr/;[1] French: [ʒɑ̃ bodʁijaʁ]; 27 July 1929 – 6 March 2007) was a French sociologist, philosopher, cultural theorist, political commentator, and photographer. His work is frequently associated with postmodernism and specifically post-structuralism. Life[edit] Baudrillard was born in Reims, northeastern France, on 27 July 1929. While teaching German, Baudrillard began to transfer to sociology, eventually completing his doctoral thesis Le Système des objets (The System of Objects) under the dissertation committee of Henri Lefebvre, Roland Barthes, and Pierre Bourdieu. In 1970, Baudrillard made the first of his many trips to the United States (Aspen, Colorado), and in 1973, the first of several trips to Kyoto, Japan. In 1986 he moved to IRIS (Institut de Recherche et d'Information Socio-Économique) at the Université de Paris-IX Dauphine, where he spent the latter part of his teaching career. Core ideas[edit] The object value system[edit] [edit] Reception[edit]
Goodbye Big Bang, Hello Black Hole? A New Theory Of The Universe’s Creation Want to stay on top of all the space news? Follow @universetoday on Twitter Artist’s conception of the event horizon of a black hole. Credit: Victor de Schwanberg/Science Photo Library Could the famed “Big Bang” theory need a revision? Before getting into their findings, let’s just preface this by saying nobody knows anything for sure. “For all physicists know, dragons could have come flying out of the singularity,” stated Niayesh Afshordi, an astrophysicist with the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Canada who co-authored the new study. So what are the limitations of the Big Bang theory? Most cosmologists say the universe must have been expanding faster than the speed of light for this to happen, but Ashford says even that theory has problems: “The Big Bang was so chaotic, it’s not clear there would have been even a small homogenous patch for inflation to start working on.” This is what the physicists propose: The long and the short of it? Source: Nature About Elizabeth Howell
Quantum "spooky action at a distance" travels at least 10,000 times faster than light Quantum entanglement, one of the odder aspects of quantum theory, links the properties of particles even when they are separated by large distances. When a property of one of a pair of entangled particles is measured, the other "immediately" settles down into a state compatible with that measurement. So how fast is "immediately"? According to research by Prof. Despite playing a vital role in the development of quantum theory, Einstein felt philosophically at odds with its description of how the universe works. Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein debating quantum theory in the mid 1920s In 1935 Einstein and his coworkers discovered quantum entanglement lurking in the equations of quantum mechanics, and realized its utter strangeness. Einstein, as the primary prophet of relativity theory, was revolted by the notion of nonlocality, and hence regarded the EPR result as a demonstration that underlying quantum mechanics was a deterministic hidden-variable theory. Space-time diagram of Prof.
Kant's Transcendental Arguments (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) 1. The Transcendental Deduction The Transcendental Deduction (A84–130, B116–169) is Kant’s attempt to demonstrate against empiricist psychological theory that certain a priori concepts correctly apply to objects featured in our experience. Dieter Henrich (1989) points out that Kant’s use of ‘Deduktion’ redeploys German legal vocabulary; in Holy Roman Empire Law, ‘Deduktion’ signifies an argument intended to yield a historical justification for the legitimacy of a property claim. In Kant’s derivative epistemological sense, a deduction is an argument that aims to justify the use of a concept, one that demonstrates that the concept correctly applies to objects. David Hume in effect denies that a deduction can be provided for a number of metaphysical concepts – ideas, in his terminology – including the ideas of personal identity, of identity over time more generally, of the self as a subject distinct from its perceptions, and of causal power or force (1739, 1748). 2. Note 3. 3. and 4. 5.
The Strangest Black Holes in the Universe Credit: Alain R. | Wikimedia CommonsBlack holes are gigantic cosmic monsters, exotic objects whose gravity is so strong that not even light can escape their clutches. Black holes come in a wide variety of forms, from small stellar-mass bodies to the supermassive beasts that reside at the hearts of galaxies. Here are 10 of the most extreme black holes, from the smallest to the largest and from cannibals to rogues. FIRST UP: The biggest and baddest India is building a massive, floating solar power plant India is building a massive, floating solar power plant Becky Crew Tuesday, 08 July 2014 India will install a 50 megawatt solar power plant on a 1.27 million square metre floating platform by the end of the year. Image: Renewable Energy College Having already started on their plan to install 10 megawatt (MW) solar plants on top of several canals, India has taken the creative use of space one step further and is planning on floating a power station on one of the large stretches of water in Kerala, a state in south-western India. This floating solar power technology was developed by India's Renewable Energy College and the plant is being built by Indian energy company, the National Hydro Power Corporation (NHPC). "NHPC had contacted us for offering technical know-how and installation assistance for their proposed 50-mw plant,” said SP Gon Choudhury, chairman of the Renewable Energy College, to Andrew Tarantola at Gizmodo.
Practicing The Subtle Art Of Detachment – Personal Growth – Medium From everything that I recall about my life so far, I can say one thing with absolute certainty. I have been an extremely passionate person. Passionate about everything. I take the leap and I go all in like there is no middle spot. And that always seemed to work for me. Until, I reached a day when the things that really mattered to me were at a point of collapse and I collapsed along with them. And my story is not really unique in this sense. Mental fatigue and burnout is almost like the epidemic of the century. And that’s because there is a bit of a downside of being too passionate. And why is that? Because with attachment comes a very strong urge to control the circumstances. While you can exercise some amount of control over what happens in your life, that will absolutely never eliminate the possibility of things going haywire or the possibility of your plans and ambitions not quite turning into reality. And I don’t deny that this kind of confidence is necessary. I don’t think so. 2. 3. 4.