Why Lead Used to Be Added To Gasoline Today I found out why lead used to be added to gasoline. “Tetraethyl lead” was used in early model cars to help reduce engine knocking, boost octane ratings, and help with wear and tear on valve seats within the motor. Due to concerns over air pollution and health risks, this type of gas was slowly phased out starting in the late 1970’s and banned altogether in all on-road vehicles in the U.S. in 1995. For a more detailed explanation of why lead used to be added to gasoline, it’s necessary to understand a little bit more about gasoline and what properties make it a good combustion material in car engines. Gasoline itself is a product of crude oil that is made of carbon atoms joined together into carbon chains. The different length of the chains creates different fuels. The higher the compression in the cylinders a car’s motor can produce, the greater the power it can get out of each stroke of the piston. In 1919, Dayton Metal Products Co. merged with General Motors. Bonus Facts:
Higher education: Not what it used to be ON THE face of it, American higher education is still in rude health. In worldwide rankings more than half of the top 100 universities, and eight of the top ten, are American. The scientific output of American institutions is unparalleled. They produce most of the world’s Nobel laureates and scientific papers. Moreover college graduates, on average, still earn far more and receive better benefits than those who do not have a degree. Nonetheless, there is growing anxiety in America about higher education. Concern springs from a number of things: steep rises in fees, increases in the levels of debt of both students and universities, and the declining quality of graduates. More debt means more risk, and graduation is far from certain; the chances of an American student completing a four-year degree within six years stand at only around 57%. At the same time, universities have been spending beyond their means. Universities cannot look to government to come to the rescue. Balloon debate
VrayWorld - Scripts & Plugins for 3d environment creation We categorized all those tools for easier research and study according to the usage they have in the creation of our environment. So we have four different categories. Terrain - Vegetation - Rocks & Pavements - Scattering. Maas Architects Bellinkhofartwork by: Nijland George Terrain creation. Populate Terrain: Optimized terrain generation from contour lines. Terrain Maker: This script was written to speed up working with other packages to create grayscale images to be used as height or displacement maps in max.It lets you change the resolution (detail) and the height of the terrain in max. Terrain-conformer: This script conforms a terrain surface to a road in just a few click. Top Plane Slice: This tool is usefull for breaking massive terrain objects e.g. for game engines. Vue: Offers CG professionals the premiere solution for creating exceptionally rich and realistic Digital Nature environments with seamless integration into any production workflow. Vegetation modeling. Rocks & Pavements.
What is a PhD really worth? : Nature The Dark Side of the Moon (Landing) | earthriderdotcom Some dispute that the U.S. sent a man to the moon. Astronaut Buzz Aldrin is the second man to walk on the moon’s surface in 1969 By Judy Berman Over eight days during July 1969, all eyes were on Apollo 11, when it became the first manned mission to land on the moon. More than 40 years after this historic event, about 6 percent of Americans still dispute that we ever set foot on the moon. They think it was a plot by the government to generate pride during the space race. It fulfilled a goal set by President John F. Apollo 11 made its landing on July 20, 1969. Yet, Bill Kaysing, considered to be the father of the moon hoax, said the whole event was staged. Kaysing, himself, was not an engineer. And, yet, his story had legs. I decided to pick an engineer’s brains on this subject: my Dad. Dad had an analytical mind and addressed some of the claims in Kaysing’s book. Here’s the scoop from the web site science.howstuffworks: Mythbusters’ Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman I just hope it’s real soon.
solar 32k 3d 3ds This detailed 3d model comes equipped with two superposed textures, one by day and other one by night with his respective lights. Easy to use, only it needs to move the solar light towards where it is wished and automatic in the shaded part there were activated the lights of the night cities. · Ultra high definition textures.· Ready to render.· Scene lights add.· POLY COUNT can be edited.· Land day/night textures· Atmosphere materials.· Standard Lighting settings (Deflaut render, Cloud Shadow map.)· 32k Textures (32000 x 16000)· Dynamic day/night shader.· High quality fast render.· The number of polygons can be reduced with turbosmooth settings. The scene contains: -4 Spheres·Earth Layer (Day Surface Map, Night Surface texture.) - 3 Textures:·Day Surface Map (32000x16000 px) (Tif format)·Night Surface Map (32000x16000 px) (Tif format)·Cloud Map (16000x8192 px) / Tileable. - 4 Materials No external plugins, deflaut render.
Ancient Sumerians In Ecuador: The Father Crespi Mystery… | Hidden Inca Tours In the Amazonian Ecuadorian region called Morona Santiago there is a very deep cavern, known in Spanish as Cueva de los Tayos (Cave of the Oilbirds). According to some researchers the true discoverer of the huge archaeological treasures of the Cueva de los Tayos was not the Hungarian Juan Moricz, but rather the Salesian priest Carlo Crespi (1891-1982), a native of Milan, Italy. Carlo Crespi, who arrived to the Amazonian Ecuador area of Cuenca in 1927, was able to win the trust of the natives Jibaro, and so they did deliver to him, over decades, hundreds of fabulous archaeological pieces dating back to an unknown time, many of them made of gold or golden, often masterfully carved with archaic hieroglyphs that, to date, no one has been able to decipher. From 1960 Crespi obtained from the Vatican the permission to open a museum in the city of Cuenca, where was located his Salesian mission. We have 2 major tours of Peru and Bolivia left in 2014; see details below: Full details Here
"EL COBRE ES CHILENO Y DEBE SER REFINADO EN CHILE" (Por Carlos Tomic E.) | Comité de Defensa y Recuperación del Cobre Chile exporta anualmente 1 millón de toneladas de cobre fino contenido en concentrados de cobre, equivalentes a 3 millones de toneladas de concentrados que se venden al exterior sin fundir ni refinar, y que son procesados en fundiciones y refinerías del extranjero, transformándolos en cobre electrolítico a cambio de importantes descuentos que se aplican al precio del cobre fino contenido. Pero eso no es todo. Si Chile no actúa con prontitud y decisión para corregir este cuello de botella que perjudica seriamente sus ingresos por exportaciones de cobre, dentro de los próximos 4 o 5 años se verá forzado a conceder descuentos de precio equivalentes a US$ 1.500 millones de dólares anuales, una vez que se inicie la producción de concentrados proveniente de nuevos yacimientos, más las ampliaciones de otros ya existentes. Actualmente es más rentable para el propietario de un yacimiento en Chile producir concentrados de cobre que cobre electrolítico.
From the Russian revolution of 1917 to Stalinist totalitarianism - Agustín Guillamón A historical essay on the transition from Russian Revolution of the Soviets to bureaucratic dictatorship under Stalin, with special emphasis on the period extending from the February Revolution to the period of War Communism. From the Russian Revolution of 1917 to Stalinist Totalitarianism – Agustín Guillamón Introduction The Russian Revolution is the most important historical event of the 20th century, and for some historians it is even accounted as one of the great events of human history. Trotsky, in the preface of his History of the Russian Revolution, claimed that “[t]he most indubitable feature of a revolution is the direct interference of the masses in historical events” and the acceleration, over brief periods of time, of the pace of economic, social and political change, in addition to the emergence of radically opposed political poles, and the shift of the social support of the masses towards parties of an increasingly extremist type. From 1905 to the First World War