Journal of Neural Engineering Dominique M Durand et al 2014 J. Neural Eng. 11 020201 Neural engineers have made significant, if not remarkable, progress in interfacing with the nervous system in the last ten years. In particular, neuromodulation of the brain has generated significant therapeutic benefits [1–5]. EEG electrodes can be used to communicate with patients with locked-in syndrome [6]. Although there are several multichannel arrays described in the literature, the workhorse for these cortical interfaces has been the Utah array [12]. The reasons for this failure are not known but clearly involve the interface between the electrode and the neural tissue. In 2013, two symposia were held independently to discuss this problem: one was held at the International Neuromodulation Society's 11th World Congress in Berlin and supported by the International Neuromodulation Society 1 and the other at the 6th International Neural Engineering conference in San Diego 2 and was supported by the NSF. References
Welcome to the OpenEEG project About the project Many people are interested in what is called neurofeedback or EEG biofeedback training, a generic mental training method which makes the trainee consciously aware of the general activity in the brain. This method shows great potential for improving many mental capabilities and exploring consciousness. Other people want to do experiments with brain-computer interfaces or just want to have a look at their brain at work. Unfortunately, commercial EEG devices are generally too expensive to become a hobbyist tool or toy. The OpenEEG project is about making plans and software for do-it-yourself EEG devices available for free (as in GPL). Right now, this site is mostly about the hardware; schematics, part lists, building instructions etc. Some regulatory business Commercial and clinical EEG devices must live up to certain standards. In other words, if you decide to build and use one -- the responsibility is yours.
LucidQuest Audio Brainwave Entrainment - Sonic Art & Engineering for the Brain/Mind EU project BRAIN - Brain-project.org Home Brainwave entrainment Brainwave Entrainment is any practice that aims to cause brainwave frequencies to fall into step with a periodic stimulus having a frequency corresponding to the intended brain-state (for example, to induce sleep), usually attempted with the use of specialized software. It purportedly depends upon a "frequency following" response on the assumption that the human brain has a tendency to change its dominant EEG frequency towards the frequency of a dominant external stimulus.[citation needed] Such a stimulus is often aural, as in the case of binaural or monaural beats and isochronic tones, or else visual, as with a dreamachine, a combination of the two with a mind machine, or even electromagnetic radiation. Hemispheric Synchronization, a potential and generally desired result of brainwave entrainment, refers to a state when the brainwave pattern of the right and left hemispheres become alike. History[edit] Aural entrainment[edit] Binaural beats[edit] Binaural beats Monaural beats[edit]
MetaMind Mind-Machine binaural beat Brainwave Lab - MeTa-MinD MetaMindMachine is a Java open-source GPL binaural beat brainwave program, that plays binaural beats and flashes the screen in the same frequency, according to xml-style sequence files in the sequence directory, to stimulate the brain to resonate in specific EEG-brainwave-patterns. After multiple sessions this improves the ability of the brain to go to all possible brainwave frequencies, and to switch between brainwave patterns easily and quickly. In later stages of training the user gets the ability to switch to certain brainwave-frequencies and related mental states consciously without additional technical equipment. Some studies indicate that related effects of certain brainwave frequencies, like increased immune function and release of certain neurotransmitters can result. It is also possible to optionally increase the entrainment-response effect, by using an EEG device for EEG neurofeedback training of brainwaves and transcranial electrostimulation. MetaMind Machine can be used for:
The brain scan that can read people's intentions | The Guardian | Guardian Unlimited A team of world-leading neuroscientists has developed a powerful technique that allows them to look deep inside a person's brain and read their intentions before they act. The research breaks controversial new ground in scientists' ability to probe people's minds and eavesdrop on their thoughts, and raises serious ethical issues over how brain-reading technology may be used in the future. The team used high-resolution brain scans to identify patterns of activity before translating them into meaningful thoughts, revealing what a person planned to do in the near future. "Using the scanner, we could look around the brain for this information and read out something that from the outside there's no way you could possibly tell is in there. The research builds on a series of recent studies in which brain imaging has been used to identify tell-tale activity linked to lying, violent behaviour and racial prejudice. · FAQ: Mind reading What have the scientists developed? How does it work? What is next?
Brain–computer interface A brain–computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a mind-machine interface (MMI), direct neural interface (DNI), synthetic telepathy interface (STI) or brain–machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device. BCIs are often directed at assisting, augmenting, or repairing human cognitive or sensory-motor functions. Research on BCIs began in the 1970s at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) under a grant from the National Science Foundation, followed by a contract from DARPA.[1][2] The papers published after this research also mark the first appearance of the expression brain–computer interface in scientific literature. The field of BCI research and development has since focused primarily on neuroprosthetics applications that aim at restoring damaged hearing, sight and movement. History[edit] Berger's first recording device was very rudimentary. BCI versus neuroprosthetics[edit] Animal BCI research[edit] Early work[edit] 2013: M.
Affective computing Affective Computing is also the title of a textbook on the subject by Rosalind Picard. Areas of affective computing[edit] Detecting and recognizing emotional information[edit] Detecting emotional information begins with passive sensors which capture data about the user's physical state or behavior without interpreting the input. Recognizing emotional information requires the extraction of meaningful patterns from the gathered data. Emotion in machines[edit] Another area within affective computing is the design of computational devices proposed to exhibit either innate emotional capabilities or that are capable of convincingly simulating emotions. Marvin Minsky, one of the pioneering computer scientists in artificial intelligence, relates emotions to the broader issues of machine intelligence stating in The Emotion Machine that emotion is "not especially different from the processes that we call 'thinking Technologies of affective computing[edit] Emotional speech[edit] Algorithms[edit]
Comparison of consumer brain–computer interfaces This is a comparison of brain-computer interface devices available on the consumer market. Comparison[edit] Open-source projects[edit] Emokit is an open-source Python library for reading out sensor data from the EPOC (Emotiv Systems) by Cody Brocious. It was built by reverse-engineering the encrypted protocol.[40] Emokit has been deprecated in favour of emokit.[41] Open-source Matlab toolboxes such as EEGLAB, Fieldtrip, and the Neurophysiological Biomarker Toolbox (NBT) can be used to process data from the electroencephalography. OpenVibe is a LGPL software platform (C++) to design, test and use BCI.[43] The software comes with an acquisition server that is currently compatible with many EEG device including Neurosky Mindset, Emotiv EPOC (Research Edition or above) and OpenEEG. Several open-source computer programs are also available from EPFL's CNBI project.[44][45] Technology[edit] References[edit] External links[edit]