Wikipedia The creation of a reliable chronology of Ancient Egypt is a task fraught with problems. While the overwhelming majority of Egyptologists agree on the outline and many of the details of a common chronology, disagreements either individually or in groups have resulted in a variety of dates offered for rulers and events. This variation begins with only a few years in the Late Period, gradually growing to three decades at the beginning of the New Kingdom, and eventually to as much as a three centuries by the start of the Old Kingdom. The "Conventional Egyptian chronology" is the scholarly consensus, placing the beginning of the Middle Kingdom in the 21st century BC. Counting regnal years[edit] The first problem the student of Egyptian chronology faces is that the ancient Egyptians used no single system of dating, or consistent system of regnal years. Synchronisms[edit] A useful way to work around these gaps in knowledge is to find chronological synchronisms. Conventional chronology[edit]
amduat-achilles.de - Amduat Aegypten Buch Buecher Totenkult Mumien Aegyptologie Achilles Thutmosis III Totenbuch Pharao Totenbuch der Aegypter Digital Art Valley of the other kings: Lost dynasty found in Egypt - News - Archaeology Excavations at Abydos, 70 miles north-west of Egypt's famous Valley of the Kings, have revealed the existence of an entire royal cemetery, now believed to be the final resting place of up to 16 mysterious pharaohs - an entire dynasty whose existence was up till now virtually unknown to the Egyptological world. Bizarrely more than a century ago, in 1901-1902, a British team, led by the famous Egyptologist, Flinders Petrie, entered four of the tombs - but had no idea as to who they belonged to or even of their high-status. Ironically, the vital inscription revealing the existence of the lost kingdom and indicating the cemetery's royal status, was in a tomb buried deep under the desert sand less than 20 metres from where they were digging. But there was no proof until the last few weeks when a team of American Egyptologists discovered a previously unknown tomb buried under three metres of sand.
Histoire-fr CHAPITRE PREMIER : La période pré-dynastique (LXX° - XXXII° siècles avant Jésus Christ) I : L’Egypte néolithique II : La dynastie 0 (XXXIV° à XXXII° avant Jésus Christ) CHAPITRE DEUXIÈME : La période thinite (XXXII° - XXVII° siècles avant Jésus Christ) I : La I° dynastie (XXXII° à XXIX° siècles avant Jésus Christ) II : La II° dynastie (XXIX° à XXVII° siècles avant Jésus Christ) CHAPITRE TROISIÈME : L’Ancien Empire (XXVII° - XXII° siècles avant Jésus Christ) I : La III° dynastie (XXVII° à XXVI° siècles avant Jésus Christ) II : La IV° dynastie (XXVI° à XXV° siècles avant Jésus Christ) III : La V° dynastie (XXV° à XXIV° siècles avant Jésus Christ) IV : La VI° dynastie (XXIV° à XXII° siècles avant Jésus Christ) CHAPITRE QUATRIÈME : La première période intermédiaire (XXII° - XXI° siècles avant Jésus Christ) I : La VII° et VIII° dynastie (XXII° siècle avant Jésus Christ) II : La IX° et X° dynastie (XXII° à XXI° siècles avant Jésus Christ) II : La XII° dynastie (XX° à XVIII° siècles avant Jésus Christ)
ROSTAU /ROSTEAU ..the GIZA PLATEAU UNDERGROUND ... Plans & Diagrams above b&w image from "SECRET CHAMBERS" by Robert Bauval,1999 The idea of hidden secret chambers , caverns, tunnels and passageways under the Egyptian Sphinx, indeed under all of the Giza Plateau, is not a modern concept, but actually derives from the Ancient Eyptians themselves. References from the Pyramid Texts (PT, Old Kingdom , 5th Dynasty, Pyramid of Unas,2500-3000 BC), and the Coffin Texts (CT, early Middle Kingdom 2250-1580 BC) allude to several mysterious and "secret" locations. ROSTAU was the AE name for the entire Giza Plateau Necropolis, both above and below ground. SOKAR was its divine protector diety. DUAT is the NetherWorld, but as R.O.Faulkner states: "to the early Egyptians the Duat embraced not only the world beneath the Earth, but also part of the visible Sky". The above overlapping swap-images illustrate the similarity of the 5th Hour of the AmDuat to Giza/Rostau plateau/necropolis, as viewed from the south side of the Sphinx. Continued on Page 2...>>.
The National Security Archive December 9, 2014 Torture Report Finally Released Senate Intelligence Committee Summary of CIA's Detention and Interrogation Program Concludes CIA Misled Itself, Congress, the President about Lack of Effectiveness. September 28, 2014 THE YELLOW BOOK Secret Salvadoran military document from the civil war era catalogued "enemies," many killed or disappeared. More recent items The National Security Archive is an independent non-governmental research institute and library located at The George Washington University in Washington, D.C. National Security Archive, Suite 701, Gelman Library, The George Washington University, 2130 H Street, NW, Washington, D.C., 20037, Phone: 202/994-7000, Fax: 202/994-7005, nsarchiv@gwu.edu
Immortelle Égypte Genèse d’une civilisation Un peu d'histoire » L'Égypte pharaonique : Panorama de plus de 5000 ans d'histoire en un clin d'œil ! Au contact du Moyen-Orient et du monde méditerranéen, la civilisation égyptienne a rayonné pendant trois mille ans. Elle le doit à la convergence de facteurs géographiques, climatiques et humains issus d'une préhistoire fertile en renseignements. L'une des périodes les plus passionnantes de l'histoire de l'homme est celle du néolithique, « l'âge de la nouvelle pierre ». Dans la vallée du Nil, les premières traces d'occupation humaine remontent à 700 000 ans. Il y a 10 000 ans, la mer Méditerranée était coupée en deux grands bassins par un isthme qui réunissait la Tunisie et l'Italie en passant par l'île de Malte. Entre 10 000 et 8 000 avant J.C., un cataclysme, dont on ignore la cause et la nature, provoque d'énormes changements, le pont entre la Tunisie et l'Italie s'affaisse, ne laissant émergées que les îles maltaises. Entre 8 000 et 5 000 avant J.C.
Alin Suciu | Patristics, Apocrypha, Coptic Literature and Manuscripts Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences 2 Terres Vous trouverez dans ce chapitre les noms des pharaons, ayant laissés une trace de leur règne, ainsi que leurs dates de règne. Cette chronologie a été élaborée à partir de livres se référant à: la pierre de Palerme , la chambre des ancêtres de Karnak , la table d' Abydos , le canon royal de Turin, l'histoire de l'Égypte de Manéthon , ainsi que d'autres sources plus récentes. Le chevauchement des dates correspond à des co-régences ou à des dynasties parallèles. Avant -700, les dates indiquées ne sont pas à prendre à la lettre et ne donnent que des repères chronologiques. Dans le Sud Nagada I ou Amratien Nagada II ou Gerzéen Dans le Nord Civilisation de Méadi Civilisation d'Héliopolis e 70 rois en 70 jours selon Manéthon e Qakarê-Ibi Le 14 e roi de cette dynastie. e {d'après le Canon des rois de Turin}. ???? e {dite des petits Hyksôs} Ânat-El Ouser-Ânat Sem-qen Beb-ânkh Pépi III Neb-maât-Rê Ny-ka-Rê Mer{y}-ib-Rê Nebou-ânkh-Rê Âa-hotep-Rê Sâa-netjer-Rê Khâ-ouser-Rê Seket Ouadj Yaqoub-Âmou Âmou e {dite de Saïs} Tefnakht
eEgyptology How to Write a Bill Once you've found an interesting and relevant topic on which to write your bill and have done the necessary research, the next step is actually getting your bill ready for discussion in committee. A PMC bill should have three parts: Preamble: This section should provide your reasons for the necessity of your bill. Why is your topic something that should be addressed by the government? This section's clauses should always begin with a "Whereas..." Body: This section should be separated into sections and subsections. As an additional aid, we are providing two sample bills that incorporate all the necessary parts of a PMC bill: Sample Bill #1: The Freedom of Marriage Act [ DOC | PDF ] Sample Bill #2: The Freedom to Farm Bill [ DOC | PDF ] We are providing a bill template that we highly recommend you use.
New Chronology of the World History (Win1251) The chronology of ancient and medieval history in its present form was created and completed to a considerable extent in a series of works during the 16th and 18th centuries, beginning with J.Scaliger (1540-1609), the "founder of modern chronological science" and D.Petavius (1583-1652). However, the series of these works is not entirely complete, since, as the well-known chronologist E.Bickerman observes, "there is no adequate, full-scale treatment of ancient chronology". Chronology is what tells us how much time has elapsed between some historical event and the present. The accepted traditional chronology of ancient and medieval world rests on quite a snaky basis. It is not surprising that certain skeptical minds have made dramatic conclusions from above-mentioned difficulties: de Arcilla, I.Newton, J.Hardouin, R.Baldauf, E.Johnson, N.A.Morozov and others.