Computer science
Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations History[edit] The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks such as the abacus have existed since antiquity, aiding in computations such as multiplication and division. Blaise Pascal designed and constructed the first working mechanical calculator, Pascal's calculator, in 1642.[3] In 1673 Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated a digital mechanical calculator, called the 'Stepped Reckoner'.[4] He may be considered the first computer scientist and information theorist, for, among other reasons, documenting the binary number system. Time has seen significant improvements in the usability and effectiveness of computing technology. Contributions[edit] These contributions include: Philosophy[edit] sequence:
Mental process
A specific instance of engaging in a cognitive process is a mental event. The event of perceiving something is, of course, different from the entire process, or capacity of perception—one's ability to perceive things. In other words, an instance of perceiving is different from the ability that makes those instances possible. See also[edit] External links[edit] Mental Processes at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
8 façons de plaider efficacement en faveur de l'IA en entreprise
De nombreuses recherches montrent que tous les secteurs d'activité sont prêts pour une révolution de l'IA, y compris le service à la clientèle, l'e-commerce, la gestion des produits et le marketing. Pour mieux comprendre comment les pionniers de l'intelligence artificielle (IA) peuvent efficacement positionner et promouvoir l'adoption de l'intelligence artificielle (IA) au sein de leur organisation, j'ai pris contact avec un pionnier de l'analyse, du Big Data et de l'IA qui a préconisé et mis en œuvre des technologies d'IA au cours de son illustre carrière. Ketan Karkhanis est vice-président senior et directeur général de Salesforce Analytics, où il est responsable de tous les aspects de l'activité analytique, notamment la stratégie produit, le marketing, l'ingénierie et la distribution. Ketan Karkhanis comprend la complexité, les avantages et les meilleures pratiques associés à l'adoption de l'intelligence artificielle et à la transformation numérique. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Trop dur.
Educational psychology
Educational psychology is the study of human learning. The study of learning processes, both cognitive and affective, allows researchers to understand individual differences in behavior, personality, intellect, and self- concept. The field of educational psychology heavily relies on testing, measurement, assessment, evaluation, and training to enhance educational activities and learning processes.[1] This can involve studying instructional processes within the classroom setting. Educational psychology can in part be understood through its relationship with other disciplines. It is informed primarily by psychology, bearing a relationship to that discipline analogous to the relationship between medicine and biology. It is also informed by neuroscience. The field of educational psychology involves the study of memory, conceptual processes, and individual differences (via cognitive psychology) in conceptualizing new strategies for learning processes in humans. History[edit] Early years[edit]
Mental representation
Hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality A mental representation (or cognitive representation), in philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, is a hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality or its abstractions.[1][2] Mental representation is the mental imagery of things that are not actually present to the senses.[3] In contemporary philosophy, specifically in fields of metaphysics such as philosophy of mind and ontology, a mental representation is one of the prevailing ways of explaining and describing the nature of ideas and concepts. Mental representations (or mental imagery) enable representing things that have never been experienced as well as things that do not exist.[4] Our brains and mental imageries allow us to imagine things have either never happened or are impossible and do not exist. Representational theories of mind[edit] Canadian philosopher P. Responses[edit] Philosophers[edit]
Nouveau monde. Pourquoi les assistants vocaux ont besoin d’écoutes humaines
William Simonin dirige la startup française Vivoka, spécialisée dans la reconnaissance vocale. Il explique pourquoi l’intervention humaine reste nécessaire pour améliorer l’intelligence artificielle même si cela soulève des craintes en matière de vie privée. franceinfo : Faut-il se méfier des assistants vocaux ? William Simonin : je n’irai pas jusqu’à dire qu’il faut s’en méfier mais il faut bien comprendre comment ça marche. La reconnaissance vocale fait appel à un "moteur" logiciel appelé Speech To Text (STT), qui convertit la parole en texte écrit. Cependant, là où il faut se méfier, ou au moins se renseigner, c’est lorsqu’il s’agit d’entreprise ayant un modèle économique axé sur la donnée, ce qui est typiquement le cas de Google. Comment fonctionne votre assistant vocal ? Chez Vivoka, nous développons uniquement des assistants vocaux sur mesure pour les entreprises. Un assistant vocal non connecté est-il moins performant ?
Anthropology
Anthropology /ænθrɵˈpɒlədʒi/ is the study of humankind, past and present,[1][2] that draws and builds upon knowledge from social and biological sciences, as well as the humanities and the natural sciences.[3][4] Since the work of Franz Boas and Bronisław Malinowski in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, anthropology in Great Britain and the US has been distinguished from ethnology[5] and from other social sciences by its emphasis on cross-cultural comparisons, long-term in-depth examination of context, and the importance it places on participant-observation or experiential immersion in the area of research. In those European countries that did not have overseas colonies, where ethnology (a term coined and defined by Adam F. Origin of the term[edit] The term anthropology originates from the Greek anthrōpos (ἄνθρωπος), "human being" (understood to mean humankind or humanity), and -λογία -logia, "study." Fields[edit] According to Clifford Geertz, Sociocultural[edit] Biological[edit]
Perception
Since the rise of experimental psychology in the 19th Century, psychology's understanding of perception has progressed by combining a variety of techniques.[3] Psychophysics quantitatively describes the relationships between the physical qualities of the sensory input and perception.[5] Sensory neuroscience studies the brain mechanisms underlying perception. Perceptual systems can also be studied computationally, in terms of the information they process. Perceptual issues in philosophy include the extent to which sensory qualities such as sound, smell or color exist in objective reality rather than in the mind of the perceiver.[3] The perceptual systems of the brain enable individuals to see the world around them as stable, even though the sensory information is typically incomplete and rapidly varying. Process and terminology[edit] An example would be a person looking at a shoe. Psychologist Jerome Bruner has developed a model of perception. Perception and reality[edit] Features[edit]
