Systèmes dynamiques et équations différentielles Un système dynamique est en effet un ensemble d’entités en interaction. Du fait même de ces interactions, la valeur de grandeurs attachées à ces entités évolue dans le temps. C'est en étudiant l'évolution de ces valeurs que l'on cherche à comprendre et à prédire le comportement de ces systèmes. Dans l’exemple de la masselotte accrochée à un ressort, la grandeur dont la valeur évolue peut être la distance de son centre de gravité à sa position au repos. À chacune de ces grandeurs, il est possible d’associer une variable dont la valeur change en fonction du temps. Une valeur n’a de sens que si l’unité dans laquelle elle est exprimée est précisée. Disposant de connaissances sur les interactions entre les diverses entités qui composent le système étudié, est-il possible de comprendre comment les valeurs de ces variables évoluent dans le temps, et par là-même, de comprendre le comportement du système ? La solution à cette interrogation passe par les équations différentielles. . est nulle).
Neuroscience of Free Will On several different levels, from neurotransmitters through neuron firing rates to overall activity, the brain seems to "ramp up" before movements. This image depicts the readiness potential (RP), a ramping-up activity measured using EEG. The onset of the RP begins before the onset of a conscious intention or urge to act. Philosophers like Daniel Dennett or Alfred Mele consider the language used by researchers. Overview[edit] ...the current work is in broad agreement with a general trend in neuroscience of volition: although we may experience that our conscious decisions and thoughts cause our actions, these experiences are in fact based on readouts of brain activity in a network of brain areas that control voluntary action... Patrick Haggard discussing[15] an in-depth experiment by Itzhak Fried[16] The neuroscience of free will encompasses two main fields of study: volition and agency. To be clear, it is very unlikely that a single study could disprove all definitions of free will.
The Book of Five Rings The Book of Five Rings (五輪書, Go Rin No Sho?) is a text on kenjutsu and the martial arts in general, written by the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi circa 1645. There have been various translations made over the years, and it enjoys an audience considerably broader than only that of martial artists: for instance, some business leaders find its discussion of conflict and taking the advantage to be relevant to their work. Musashi establishes a "no-nonsense" theme throughout the text. Musashi describes and advocates a two-sword style (nitōjutsu): that is, wielding both katana and wakizashi, contrary to the more traditional method of wielding the katana two-handed. The five books[edit] Although it is difficult to grasp it from the book, Go Rin No Sho, these books are actually the teachings which Musashi preached to his students in his own dōjō. The term "Ichi School" is referred to in the book, Go Rin No Sho. The Book of Earth[1][edit] In The Book of Five Rings he writes on timing: See also[edit]
The Brain: The Connections May Be the Key | Mind & Brain There was just one problem: Nobody knew what the connectome looked like. MRI scans can capture the entire brain, but they can get down to a resolution of only a few cubic millimeters, not nearly fine enough. Other methods, such as staining, allow scientists to look at one neuron at a time but not to track the broader links between them. Seung needed a way to see every neuron in a given piece of brain tissue. He found the way by teaming up with scientists who know how to slice brains very, very thinly. Each image is a few hundredths of an inch across, but it’s packed with neural cross sections. Such images contain details far beyond what had ever been seen before. If memories really are encoded in cell assemblies the way Hebb claimed, Seung should be able to observe those assemblies (pdf). The collaboration between humans and computers has sped the process along. It would be simple enough, he suggests, for neurosurgeons to set aside a smidgen of tissue removed during human surgery.
Social Network Analysis Brief Description: "Social network analysis is the mapping and measuring of relationships and flows between people, groups, organisations, computers or other information/knowledge processing entities." (Valdis Krebs, 2002). Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a method for visualizing our people and connection power, leading us to identify how we can best interact to share knowledge. History: When to use: Visualize relationships within and outside of the organization.Facilitate identification of who knows who and who might know what - teams and individuals playing central roles - thought leaders, key knowledge brokers, experts, etc.Identify isolated teams or individuals and knowledge bottlenecks.Strategically work to improve knowledge flows.Accelerate the flow of knowledge and information across functional and organisational boundaries.Improve the effectiveness of formal and informal communication channels.Raise awareness of the importance of informal networks. How to use: Training on SNA Tags
MIT discovers the location of memories: Individual neurons Update 12/2/15: We've now followed up on this story: The more we learn about memory, the weirder it gets. The original continues below. MIT researchers have shown, for the first time ever, that memories are stored in specific brain cells. As you can imagine, the trick here is activating individual neurons, which are incredibly small and not really the kind of thing you can attach electrodes to. Now, just to temper your excitement, we should note that MIT's subjects in this case are mice -- but it's very, very likely that the human brain functions in the same way. In the experiment, MIT gave mice an electric shock to create a fear memory in the hippocampus region of the brain (pictured above) -- and then later, using laser light, activated the neurons where the memory was stored. The main significance here is that we finally have proof that memories (engrams(Opens in a new window), in neuropsychology speak) are physical rather than conceptual.
The Future: An Instruction Manual Centre for Visual Anthropology - Center for Visual Anthropology - ANU ANU is home to a dynamic community of scholars working across the broad fields of visual anthropology and visual culture research. The ANU Centre for Visual Anthropology (CVA) draws its membership from across the University. Among our members are several internationally renowned ethnographic filmmakers and anthropologists. Our research and teaching interests are broad and diverse. A number of us are committed to producing work that is multi-disciplinary in scope. We all share a commitment to foregrounding the visual as a distinctive prism through which to comprehend human experience and diverse social phenomena. ANU is the only Australian university to offer courses in the practical and conceptual methods of visual anthropology at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, as well as fostering a growing program of PhD and postdoctoral scholarship. Please join our mailing list
Social Constructivist Theories For a general intro to constructivism click: Overview of constructivism. Overview of Social Constructivism Another cognitive psychologist, Lev Vygotsky ( shared many of Piaget's ( assumptions about how children learn, but he placed more emphasis on the social context of learning. Piaget's cognitive theories have been used as the foundation for discovery learning ( models in which the teacher plays a limited role. In Vygotsky's theories both teachers and older or more experienced children play very important roles in learning. There is a great deal of overlap between cognitive constructivism and Vygotsky's social constructivist theory. Although Vygotsky died at the age of 38 in 1934, most of his publications did not appear in English until after 1960. General Implications of Social Constructivism 1. Additional Information
Psychologie-sociale.org Seppuku Illustration from Sketches of Japanese Manners and Customs, by J. M. W. Seppuku with ritual attire and second (staged) Samurai about to perform seppuku Seppuku (切腹? Vocabulary and etymology[edit] Seppuku is also known as harakiri (腹切り, "cutting the belly"),[3] a term more widely familiar outside Japan, and which is written with the same kanji as seppuku, but in reverse order with an okurigana. "It is commonly pointed out that hara-kiri is a vulgarism, but this is a misunderstanding. The practice of committing seppuku at the death of one's master, known as oibara (追腹 or 追い腹, the kun'yomi or Japanese reading) or tsuifuku (追腹, the on'yomi or Chinese reading), follows a similar ritual. The word jigai (自害?) Overview[edit] A tantō prepared for seppuku Ritual[edit] In time, carrying out seppuku came to involve a detailed ritual. General Akashi Gidayu preparing to carry out Seppuku after losing a battle for his master in 1582. The second was usually, but not always, a friend. History[edit]