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History of the Royal Society

History of the Royal Society
The story of the Royal Society is the story of modern science. Our origins lie in a 1660 ‘invisible college’ of natural philosophers and physicians. Today we are the UK’s national science academy and a Fellowship of some 1,600 of the world’s most eminent scientists. Nullius in verba The very first ‘learned society’ meeting on 28 November 1660 followed a lecture at Gresham College by Christopher Wren. The Royal Society's motto 'Nullius in verba' is taken to mean 'take nobody's word for it'. Advancements and adventure The early years of the Society saw revolutionary advancements in the conduct and communication of science. We published Isaac Newton’s Principia Mathematica, and Benjamin Franklin’s kite experiment demonstrating the electrical nature of lightning. The leading scientific lights of the past four centuries can all be found among the 8,000 Fellows elected to the Society to date. Independence

Medical journal: Study linking autism, vaccines is 'elaborate fraud' Autism-vaccine study author defends work The journalist who wrote the articles says Wakefield should face criminal chargesWakefield says his work has been "grossly distorted"British journal BMJ accuses Wakefield of faking data for his 1998 paperThe study was retracted and Wakefield lost his license in 2010 (CNN) -- A now-retracted British study that linked autism to childhood vaccines is an "elaborate fraud," according to a medical journal -- a charge the physician behind the study vigorously denies. The British medical journal BMJ, which published the results of its investigation, concluded Dr. Andrew Wakefield misrepresented or altered the medical histories of all 12 of the patients whose cases formed the basis of the 1998 study -- and that there was "no doubt" Wakefield was responsible. However, Wakefield said his work has been "grossly distorted." The medical publication says the study has done long-lasting damage to public health. Read autism coverage on "The Chart" blog. J.B. Dr.

atomic orbitals A 1s orbital holding 2 electrons would be drawn as shown on the right, but it can be written even more quickly as 1s2. This is read as "one s two" - not as "one s squared". You mustn't confuse the two numbers in this notation: The order of filling orbitals - the Aufbau Principle Aufbau is a German word meaning building up or construction. Electrons fill low energy orbitals (closer to the nucleus) before they fill higher energy ones. This filling of orbitals singly where possible is known as Hund's rule. The diagram (not to scale) summarises the energies of the orbitals up to the 4p level that you will need to know when you are using the Aufbau Principle. Notice that the s orbital always has a slightly lower energy than the p orbitals at the same energy level, so the s orbital always fills with electrons before the corresponding p orbitals. The real oddity is the position of the 3d orbitals. Knowing the order of filling is central to understanding how to write electronic structures.

Newcastle University Library Robert Boyle Robert Boyle, FRS, (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Irish 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor. Born in Lismore, County Waterford, Ireland, he was also noted for his writings in theology. Although his research clearly has its roots in the alchemical tradition, Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method. He is best known for Boyle's law,[2] which describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system.[3][4] Among his works, The Sceptical Chymist is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry. Biography[edit] Early years[edit] Boyle was born in Lismore Castle, in County Waterford, Ireland, the seventh son and fourteenth child of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork and Catherine Fenton. Middle years[edit]

Khan Academy River Campus Libraries ROBERT DARNTON | An Early Information Society: News and the Media in Eighteenth-Century Paris | The American Historical Review, 105.1 Chemical & Engineering News: What's That Stuff? You might ask yourself... What's That Stuff? Ever wondered about what's really in hair coloring, Silly Putty, Cheese Wiz, artificial snow, or self-tanners? C&EN presents a collection of articles that gives you a look at the chemistry behind a wide variety of everyday products. Sort: Alphabetically (Text Only) | Most Recent

Museum Begin digital facsimile » This Book of Hours, referred to as the Black Hours, is one of a small handful of manuscripts written and illuminated on vellum that is stained or painted black. The result is quite arresting. The text is written in silver and gold, with gilt initials and line endings composed of chartreuse panels enlivened with yellow filigree. The anonymous painter of the Black Hours is an artist whose style depended mainly upon that of Willem Vrelant, one of the dominant illuminators working in Bruges from the late 1450s until his death in 1481. Although, in general, well preserved, this manuscript has some condition problems. "Black Hours," for Rome use.

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