Latin Proficiency Test To start this Latin test over, press the Reset button. Part I: Latin GrammarSelect the best answer. 1. _____ bene dictum est ab ûllô meum est. 2. Dulce et decôrum est prô patriâ _____. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. _____ argentum est aurô, virtûtibus aurum. 9. _____ mentem populus. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Part II: Latin GrammarIn each Latin sentence, select the one underlined word or phrase that is incorrect. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Part III. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. _____ antîquîs rês stat Rômâna. 8. 9. 10. Part IV. Aut amat aut odit mulier: nihil est tertium. 1. 2. Thaïs habet nigrôs, niveôs Laecânia dentês.Quae ratiô est? 3. 4. Aut prôdesse volunt aut dêlectâre poetae aut simul et iûcunda et idônea dîcere vîtae. 5. 6. 7. Ante quam dê rê pûblicâ, patrês cônscrîptî, dîcam ea quae dîcenda hôc tempore arbitror, expônam vôbîs breviter cônsilium et profectiônis et reversiônis meae. 8. 9. 10. To start this Latin test over, press the Reset button.
Language Timeline The English language is a vast flea market of words, handed down, borrowed or created over more than 2000 years. And it is still expanding, changing and trading. Our language is not purely English at all - it is a ragbag of diverse words that have come to our island from all around the world. View the chart below to get an overview of some of the many chapters in the history of the English language. Celts 500BC-43BC Romans 43BC-c.450AD Anglo Saxons 449AD St Augustine 597 AD Vikings 789AD Normans 1066 100 Years War 1337-1450s Renaissance 1476-1650 1700s Industrial Revolution 1760-1800s 1900s - Present Day References: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language by David Crystal Words in Time by Geoffrey Hughes
Do you speak Uglish? How English has evolved in Uganda Please don’t dirten my shirt with your muddy hands. Stop cowardising and go and see that girl. Don’t just beep her again, bench her. Typos? Some will be immediately obvious to English speakers: dirten, meaning to make dirty; cowardising, to behave like a coward. Others offer small insights into youth culture: beep – meaning to ring someone but to hang up quickly before the person answers. Now, Bernard Sabiti, a Ugandan cultural commentator has recorded these colloquialisms in a new book which attempts to unlock what he calls “one of the funniest and strangest English varieties in the world”. Working as a consultant for international NGOs, Sabiti kept being asked “what kind of English do Ugandans speak?” The result? Sabiti says the rise of Uglish directly correlates with a fall in the standards in education. Though not exclusive to the younger generation, the majority of words chronicled in his book are influenced by youth culture. But this is not a linguistic phenomena unique to Uganda.
SIX CENTS PAGES DU GAFFIOT VRAIMENT NUMÉRISÉES - [LATIN, GREC, JUXTA] Voici le résultat imprimé de la véritable numérisation des pages 1100 à 1702 de l’édition de 1935 du dictionnaire Latin-Français de Félix Gaffiot. Il s’agit de la première ré-édition non commerciale d’un nombre de pages conséquent du célèbre dictionnaire ! Les pages 645 à 1099 sont en cours de numérisation ainsi que les lettres C, D et E. Pour aider à la réalisation de cet énorme travail, faites un don (voir ci-dessous) pour l’imprimante, le papier, l’encre, ou bien proposez votre aide pour corriger des épreuves à l’adresse numerisation.gaffiot at hotmail.fr. Soutenez le site et la numérisation du Gaffiot à l’aide de paypal pour l’adresse marcel.xenophon (arobase) free.fr [facile !] © Gérard Gréco 2013-2014 --- Tous droits réservés. En particulier, la diffusion même électronique de ce document est interdite. Le document est protégé par un mot de passe : djebel
25 maps that explain the English language English is the language of Shakespeare and the language of Chaucer. It’s spoken in dozens of countries around the world, from the United States to a tiny island named Tristan da Cunha. It reflects the influences of centuries of international exchange, including conquest and colonization, from the Vikings through the 21st century. Here are 25 maps and charts that explain how English got started and evolved into the differently accented languages spoken today. The origins of English 1) Where English comes from English, like more than 400 other languages, is part of the Indo-European language family, sharing common roots not just with German and French but with Russian, Hindi, Punjabi, and Persian. 2) Where Indo-European languages are spoken in Europe today Saying that English is Indo-European, though, doesn’t really narrow it down much. 3) The Anglo-Saxon migration 4) The Danelaw The next source of English was Old Norse. 5)The Norman Conquest 6) The Great Vowel Shift The spread of English Credits
The History of English - How New Words Are Created The drift of word meanings over time often arises, often but not always due to catachresis (the misuse, either deliberate or accidental, of words). By some estimates, over half of all words adopted into English from Latin have changed their meaning in some way over time, often drastically. For example, smart originally meant sharp, cutting or painful; handsome merely meant easily-handled (and was generally derogatory); bully originally meant darling or sweetheart; sad meant full, satiated or satisfied; and insult meant to boast, brag or triumph in an insolent way. A more modern example is the changing meaning of gay from merry to homosexual (and, in some circles in more recent years, to stupid or bad). Some words have changed their meanings many times. Some words have become much more specific than their original meanings. Some words came to mean almost the complete opposite of their original meanings.
200 Latin Roots to Improve Your Vocabulary Posted on 09. Apr, 2014 by Brittany Britanniae in Latin Language Whenever learning a new language, students are often overwhelmed by the fact that they must study the grammar and vocabulary. Vocabulary can be tough for anyone, but especially for those learning a new language for the first time or one like Latin which not spoken. However, the vocabulary in Latin should be easier since Latin is integrated into many modern languages: French, Italian, Spanish, English, etc. Here is a wonderful list of the most basic roots any Latin learner should know! Tags: Latin grammar, Latin language, Latin vocabulary Share this Post! About Brittany Britanniae Hello There!
English language 'originated in Turkey' Modern Indo-European languages - which include English - originated in Turkey about 9,000 years ago, researchers say. Their findings differ from conventional theory that these languages originated 5,000 years ago in south-west Russia. The New Zealand researchers used methods developed to study virus epidemics to create family trees of ancient and modern Indo-European tongues to pinpoint where and when the language family first arose. Their study is reported in Science. A language family is a group of languages that arose from a common ancestor, known as the proto-language. Linguists identify these families by trawling through modern languages for words of similar sound that often describe the same thing, like water and wasser (German). According to the Ethnologue database, more than 100 language families exist. The Indo-European family is one of the largest families - more than 400 languages spoken in at least 60 countries - and its origins are unclear.
Where did English come from? - Claire Bowern | TED-Ed There are two other TED-Ed lessons related to this topic: How languages evolve and How did English evolve? (a lesson that fills in some of the details that we omit here due to the fact that the focus of this lesson was further in the past). There is still a great deal of debate about Indo-European, most importantly about the location of the homeland. To read more about this debate, there are classic books by Mallory and Renfrew, as well more recent works by Anthony. To learn more about the distribution of languages across the world, see LL-map or The Ethnologue.
conjugate Latin verbs The Latin language was the language of the Roman Empire. Verbix shows the verb inflections of the Classic Latin (CL). From CL, Vulgar Latin (VL) developed. The VL is the base for the today's Romance languages. Entering verbs Unlike some grammar books do, Verbix does not implement j in the Latin ortography. The following map shows the extension of the Latin and Greek in the Roman Empire AD 117. The Vulgate The Vulgate is the Bible translation from ca. 400AD written in Latin... Literature sources How the internet is killing off silent letters Professor David Crystal says people drop letters when typing them into search engines He says the internet will influence changes in spelling in the future Academic labels the 'h' in rhubarb as 'illogical' By Daily Mail Reporter Published: 08:29 GMT, 2 June 2013 | Updated: 06:40 GMT, 3 June 2013 David Crystal, professor of linguistics of Bangor University, explained how people are dropping letters when typing words into search engines Common misspellings of English words could be acceptable within a few years because they are used online, a linguist has said. ‘Rhubarb’ could change to ‘rubarb’, ‘receipt’ to ‘receit’ and ‘necessary’ to ‘neccesary’. Simpler online forms of ‘irritating’ complex words are starting to affect mainstream usage, linguistics professor David Crystal told the Hay Literary Festival. He started monitoring the word ‘rhubarb’ ten years ago by typing the correct spelling into a search engine, then the error ‘rubarb’. ‘Rhubarb is still the dominant one by a factor of 50.
Latin umerals Latin Numerals Posted on 25. Feb, 2012 by leire in Latin Language The cardinal numerals The cardinal numerals express the number or quantity. Most of the cardinal did not decline, the only ones that were declined are: The numeral centum (“hundred”) can not be declined, but the other hundreds are declined like the plural of an adjective of the first class. The numeral mille (‘thousand’)can not be declined, but the other thousands are expressed by the plural milia, milium, which is declined as an neuter of the third declension. The ordinal numerals The ordinal numerals add to the idea of number the idea of order. simplex, simplicis: simple.duplex, duplicis: double.triplex, triplicis: triple.quadruplex, quadruplicis: quadruple.quintuplex, quintuplicis: quintuple.decemplex, decemplicis: tenfold.centumplex, centumplicis: hundredfold. The distributive numerals Indicate groups of individuals, so singular form does not exist. Tags: Latin, Latin grammar, Latin language, numerals Share this Post!