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A Glossary of European Noble, Princely, Royal and Imperial Titles

A Glossary of European Noble, Princely, Royal and Imperial Titles
Outline. 1. Introduction. 2. Sovereigns and Sovereignty. 3. Nobles and Nobility. 4. Imperial Titles. 5. 5.1 Kings and Queens. 5.2 Other Ruling Titles. 5.3 The Pope. 6. 8.1. 9. 9.1. 1. 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5 Version History. 1.6. 1.7. 1.8. 1.9. 2. "Sovereign" (in the European sense) is a technical term, both noun and adjective. Luxembourg is headed by a grand duke; Liechtenstein and Monaco are headed by princes. Before the unifications of Germany and Italy, there were a welter of sovereign or essentially sovereign states ruled by variously-titled sovereigns -- electors (in German, "Kurfürst"), margraves, etc. 3. Romans recognized three orders: patricians, equestrians and plebeians, and earlier, before the foundation of the republic, a fourth: royalty. These notions of the Romans apply to present-day parlance. In essence, the nobility were the landowners. A distinction needs to be made between "nobility" and "peerage". 4. Dr. 5. 5.2. 5.3.

Santa Cruz ice cream shop gets thank you call from Vice President Biden SANTA CRUZ, Calif. (KGO) -- The Penny Ice Creamery in Santa Cruz must get too busy to answer phone calls sometimes because it has one of those automated systems that requires callers to press a digit to get its address or the flavor of the week. If you press 3, you get to a store employee. Somebody from Washington, D.C. did that yesterday. Biden called owners Kendra Baker and Zachary Davis to thank them for posting a YouTube video that credits the federal stimulus program for helping to finance their business. "He said how much he likes ice cream, and he talked a little bit about the act and the legislation," Baker said. Baker and Davis qualified for a $250,000 loan from the program. "People like to see examples of things that work, and that's why we were thankful because this was a policy that was put in place that did what it was supposed to do; enabled us to start a business and employ people and pay contractors," Davis said. Economic recovery is a slow process. Tags:

Chinese nobility - Wikipedia Chinese sovereignty and peerage,[1] the nobility of China, was an important feature of the traditional social and political organization of Imperial China. While the concepts of hereditary sovereign and peerage titles and noble families were featured as early as the semi-mythical, early historical period, a settled system of nobility was established from the Zhou dynasty. In the subsequent millennia, this system was largely maintained in form, with some changes and additions, although the content constantly evolved. The last, well-developed system of noble titles was established under the Qing dynasty. The AD-1911 republican Xinhai Revolution saw the dissolution of the official imperial system although the new Republic of China government maintained noble titles like the Duke Yansheng. Sovereign and ruling family ranks[edit] Fuxi and Nuwa listed among the mythical earliest sovereigns of China The apex of the nobility is the sovereign. Imperium (emperor and ennobled family)[edit]

Text of Obama’s first State of the Union address Madame Speaker, Vice President Biden, Members of Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow Americans:Our Constitution declares that from time to time, the President shall give to Congress information about the state of our union. For two hundred and twenty years, our leaders have fulfilled this duty. They have done so during periods of prosperity and tranquility. And they have done so in the midst of war and depression; at moments of great strife and great struggle. It’s tempting to look back on these moments and assume that our progress was inevitable – that America was always destined to succeed. Again, we are tested. One year ago, I took office amid two wars, an economy rocked by severe recession, a financial system on the verge of collapse, and a government deeply in debt. But the devastation remains. So I know the anxieties that are out there right now. For these Americans and so many others, change has not come fast enough. So we face big and difficult challenges.

Kuge - Wikipedia History[edit] Kuge (from Middle Chinese kuwng-kæ 公家, literally "royal family") originally described the Emperor and his court. The meaning of the word changed over time to designate bureaucrats at the court. During the Heian period, the relative peace and stability provided freedom for the noble class to pursue cultural interests, and the kuge became leaders and benefactors of arts and culture in Japan.[3] Most of the Kuge resided in the capital city of Kyoto.[4] Two classes formed the kuge: the dōjō (堂上?) The highest offices at the court were called kugyō and eligibility was limited to members of dōjō kuge. In 1869 during the Meiji Restoration the kuge merged with the daimyo to form a single aristocratic group, the kazoku. Others associated with the kuge included Buddhist priests, Kyoto cultural patrons, geisha, and actors. Classification[edit] In the 12th century conventional differences were established among the dōjō, separating the kuge into groups according to their office at court.

Crypton Furniture Nobody wants a home wrapped in plastic. It’s called a living room, because life happens there. And, let’s face it, life is a mess! That’s where Crypton steps in. Made with Crypton Super Fabric this contemporary, beautiful furniture is easy to clean and disinfect. Are you looking for a store near you? Use each manufacturers website "store locator" to find a store near you. Daimyō - Wikipedia The daimyō (大名?, pronunciation ) were the powerful feudal lords[1] who, until their decline in the early Meiji period, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. Subordinate only to the Shogun, daimyo were the most powerful feudal rulers from the 10th century to the middle 19th century in Japan. The term "daimyo" is also sometimes used to refer to the leading figures of such clans, also called "lord". Shugo-daimyo[edit] The shugo daimyo (守護大名, shugo-daimyō?) Major shugo daimyo came from the Shiba, Hatakeyama, and Hosokawa clans, as well as the tozama clans of Yamana, Ōuchi, and Akamatsu. The Ashikaga shogunate required the shugo daimyo to reside in Kyoto, so they appointed relatives or retainers, called shugodai, to represent them in their home provinces. The Ōnin War was a major uprising in which shugo daimyo fought each other. Sengoku-daimyō[edit] Map of Japan around 1570 (Genki) Daimyo in the Edo period[edit] A Daimyo paying a state visit, illustration from ca. 1860

How to draw funny cartoons. Simple guide to improve your drawing skills. Kazoku - Wikipedia Interior of Peers' Club, Tokyo 1912. The Kazoku (華族?, literally "Magnificent/Exalted lineage") was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. Origins[edit] Following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the ancient court nobility of Kyoto, the Kuge, regained some of its lost status. The Meiji oligarchs, as part of their Westernizing reforms, merged the kuge with the former daimyo (feudal lords) into an expanded aristocratic class on 25 July 1869, to recognize that the kuge and former daimyo were a social class distinct from the other designated social classes of shizoku (former samurai) and heimin (commoners). All members of the kazoku without an official government appointment in the provinces were initially obliged to reside in Tokyo. Development[edit] Duke (公爵, kōshaku?) Many of those who had significant roles in the Meiji Restoration, or their heirs, were ennobled. See also[edit] References[edit] Jansen, Marius B. (2000). Notes[edit] External links[edit]

Shiba Inu Puppy Cam, Ustream.TV: Tune in daily to see the cutest Shiba Inu pups... EVER! ;) The five Shiba Inu pups (3 boys and 2 girls) were born on S Tune in daily to see the cutest Shiba Inu pups… EVER! Watch as the E-team's energetic and exuberant pups grow up before your very eyes! Ayumi's 2nd litter, the "E-Team", was born on August 21, 2013. The litter has two handsome cream boys and three… Tune in daily to see the cutest Shiba Inu pups… EVER! Ayumi's 2nd litter, the "E-Team", was born on August 21, 2013. Here are your "E-Team" pups: Boys Enoki キノコ - Green collar Meaning - Mushroom (since he was the smallest) Edo 江戸 - Blue collar Meaning - The former name of Tokyo Girls Eiko 栄子 - Pink collar Meaning - Child of splendor/Prosperous child Eisha 映射 - Purple collarMeaning - Shining Ember 燃えさし - Red collar Meaning - A glowing fragment that is still red and hot from a fire. Both the sire and the dam are AKC & NIPPO registered, have wonderful temperaments and have been given a clean bill of health by both OFA and CERF. *** October update - All of the E-Team pups have gone off to their new homes so please enjoy watching our adult Shibas!

Principalía - Wikipedia For the most part, the social privileges of the nobles were freely acknowledged as befitting their greater social responsibilities. The gobernadorcillo during that period received a nominal salary and was not provided government funds for public services. In fact more often the gobernadorcillo had to maintain government of his municipality by looking after the post office and the jailhouse, and by managing public infrastructure.[1](p326)[11](p294) Historical background[edit] Pre-colonial principalities[edit] Portrait of a pre‑conquest Visayan (Panay) noble couple depicted in Boxer Codex. The duty of the datus was to rule and govern their subjects and followers, and to assist them in their interests and necessities. Some of these principalities and lordships have remained, even until the present, in unHispanicized [t] and mostly Lumad and Muslim parts of the Philippines, in some regions of Mindanao.[16](pp127–147) Pre-colonial principalities in the Visayas[edit] Marriage customs[edit]

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