PCR Virtual Lab
Primers are short pieces of DNA that are made in a laboratory. Since they're custom built, primers can have any sequence of nucleotides you'd like. In a PCR experiment, two primers are designed to match to the segment of DNA you want to copy. Through complementary base pairing, one primer attaches to the top strand at one end of your segment of interest, and the other primer attaches to the bottom strand at the other end. In most cases, 2 primers that are 20 or so nucleotides long will target just one place in the entire genome. Primers are also necessary because DNA polymerase can't attach at just any old place and start copying away. DNA Polymerase is a naturally occurring complex of proteins whose function is to copy a cell's DNA before it divides in two. The DNA polymerase in our bodies breaks down at temperatures well below 95 °C (203 °F), the temperature necessary to separate two complementary strands of DNA in a test tube.
FISH pour le diagnostic préimplantatoire génétique
This article describes the selection of suitable probes for single-cell FISH, spreading techniques for blastomere nuclei, and in situ hybridization and signal scoring, applied to pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in a clinical setting. Date Published: 2/23/2011, Issue 48; doi: 10.3791/2570 Keywords: Medicine, Issue 48, Fluorescence in situ hybridization, Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, PGD, Sex determination, Translocations, Chromosome aneuploidy Scriven, P. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an established alternative to pre-natal diagnosis, and involves selecting pre-implantation embryos from a cohort generated by assisted reproduction technology (ART). 1. Cell lysis buffer for spreading cells (0.2% Tween20 in 0.01 M HCl, pH 2.0) should be prepared 24 hours in advance and stored at -20°C Prepare 100 mL and filter 20 mL into a 30 mL sterile universal container using a sterile 20 mL syringe and syringe filter. 2. 3. 4. Figure 1. Figure 2.
Methods and protocols in molecular biology
- GFP Applications Page designed by Wallace Marshall, Yale University. {*style:<b>Added: 28-Nov-1999 Hits: 982 Rating: 7.33 Votes: 3 [ Rate It ] </b>*} - Contains many molecular biology protocols as well as some Drosophila protocols. {*style:<b>Added: 26-Sep-2003 Hits: 447 Rating: 10 Votes: 1 - Data bases, systems, and programs on molecular biology and genetics. {*style:<b>Added: 22-Nov-1999 Hits: 897 Rating: 10.00 Votes: 1 - The following methods have been optimized and tested by the Molecular Biology Division of the Sequencing Unit over a period of several years: Construction of Organellar DNA Libraries, Preparation of Single-stranded DNA, Preparation of Plasmid DNA, DNA Sequencing Strategy, Sequencing Gel and Electrophoresis, Sequence Analysis. {*style:<b>Added: 1-Oct-1999 Hits: 1128 Rating: 0 Votes: 0
How Water Shapes DNA
Water molecules surround the genetic material DNA in a very specific way. Scientists at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) have discovered that, on the one hand, the texture of this hydration shell depends on the water content and, on the other hand, actually influences the structure of the genetic substance itself. These findings are not only important in understanding the biological function of DNA; they could also be used for the construction of new DNA-based materials. The DNA's double helix never occurs in isolation; instead, its entire surface is always covered by water molecules which attach themselves with the help of hydrogen bonds. "We've been able to verify that some of the water is bound stronger whereas other molecules are less so," notes Dr. Analyses of the genetic material were conducted at the HZDR by the doctoral candidate Hassan Khesbak. Oscillations of the water bonds in the hydration shell of the double helix can be excited by infrared light.
DAVID: Gene Functional Classification
What does this tool do? Quickly translate given gene IDs to corresponding gene names in a batch way Provide links for each genes to DAVID Gene Report for in-depth information Search functionally related genes within user's input gene list or genome Key Concepts of "Search Related Genes" Any given gene is associating with a set of annotation terms. Find Related Genes Tool is very different and complementary to the common gene clustering methods, such as homologous genes based on sequence similarity; protein families based on one common biological activity.
Scientists observe single gene activity in living cells in detail for first time
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have for the first time observed the activity of a single gene in living cells. In an unprecedented study, published in the April 22 online edition of Science, Einstein scientists were able to follow, in real time, the process of gene transcription, which occurs when a gene converts its DNA information into molecules of messenger RNA (mRNA) that go on to make the protein coded by the gene. Robert Singer, Ph.D., co-director of the Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center at Einstein and professor and co-chair of anatomy and structural biology, is senior author of the paper. Using florescent proteins, the researchers were able to follow mRNA activity by inserting DNA sequences into a gene in live yeast cells. The study involved monitoring the activity of RNA polymerase -- the enzyme that constructs mRNA molecules by linking single nucleotides together into a molecular chain.
PLoS Biology : Publishing science, accelerating research
A Peer-Reviewed, Open Access Journal Current Issue PLOS Biology is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal featuring research articles of exceptional significance in all areas of biological science, from molecules to ecosystems.
