Tontine Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. La tontine est une association collective d’épargne, qui réunit des épargnants pour investir en commun dans un actif financier ou d'un bien dont la propriété revient à une partie seulement des souscripteurs. On distingue trois sortes de tontines : Les «tontines immobilières»Les «tontines financières»Les «associations tontinières» qui sont des sortes de sociétés mutuelles ayant majoritairement cours en Afrique. Histoire[modifier | modifier le code] Le mot tontine vient de Lorenzo Tonti, banquier napolitain qui proposa ce système à Mazarin : chaque souscripteur verse une somme dans un fonds et touche les dividendes du capital investi. Le Parlement refusa d'enregistrer l'édit de création proposé par Mazarin. Dix emprunts tontiniers eurent lieu entre 1689 et 1759, sur le même principe mais avec quelques variantes. La tontine fut largement développée au Royaume-Uni et aux États-Unis pour financer des ouvrages publics. ↑ : G. Rente viagère
Finance islamique Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. La finance islamique est basée sur les principes de la Sharia qui imposent justice, équité et transparence. La finance islamique se distingue des pratiques financières conventionnelles par une conception différente de la valeur du capital et du travail. Ainsi, ces pratiques mettent en avant l'éthique et la morale et puisent leurs sources dans la révélation divine et de la Sounnah tout en s’inspirant des pratiques économiques et financières à l’époque du prophète Mohamed. Histoire[modifier | modifier le code] Dans une étude[5] publiée en 2005 par l'université de Princeton (États-Unis), l'économiste Timur Kuran a établi que les principes théoriques de la finance islamique ont une histoire relativement courte, ayant été formulés en grande partie par le théologien pakistanais Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi à partir des années 1940. Les principes[modifier | modifier le code] Prohibition de l’intérêt[modifier | modifier le code]
McKeever on Tontines Kent McKeever, Columbia Law School, has posted the paper, A Short History of Tontines. Here is the abstract: The tontine, with its underlying premise that the living participants benefit from the death of their fellows, does not deserve its shadowy reputation. It had some success in its original purpose, as a means of government fund raising. It was most successful as a means of private development and investment from around 1780 through the 1850's. However, it was used as a gimmick in the selling of life insurance and as a cover for outright fraud in the latter part of the 19th Century. [To explain the illustration: I'm a great fan of Michael Caine and will seize upon any excuse to post an image of him, in this case, a poster relating to the only film I know of with a plot revolving around a tontine, "The Wrong Box" (1966).
Tontine Cambodia TontineAn Alternative financial Instrumentin Cambodian Communities 12th NZASIA ConferenceMassey University26-29 November 1997 by Man Hau Liev Centre for Refugee EducationSchool of Social SciencesAuckland Institute of Technology I. A. While this financial instrument is new to New Zealand it has been popular in developing countries ( Besley, 1994 ) and within ethnic groups in developed countries such as America ( Bonnet, 1981; Delancey, 1978; Kerri et al, 1976; Morton, 1978; Tsukashima, 1991 ) and Australia ( Anderson, 1994 ). People from Southeast Asia have used it as an alternative means to finance their business or personal needs. A. II. Tontines are neither legal nor illegal, and are often simply outside the terms of reference and normative practices of the mainstream or dominant society. A. 2. B. 1. A tontine of twelve members with a $400 a month can be shown in the following matrix ( Table 3 ). Winning a bid in a tontine means:i. 2. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. C. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Tontine Risques Mr PAUL LYNCH (Liverpool) [10.59 a.m.]: I will inform the House about a tontine or money agreement which has been operating in south-west Sydney and which has caused considerable grief to a number of my constituents and other residents of south-west Sydney. I first spoke in this place about a tontine on 26 October. A tontine, or money agreement, involves people handing over money in the expectation—indeed, the promise—that they will get money back. The new cases I have come across include that of Naro Bun, who paid $2,600 into a tontine that started on 5 August 2003. Another victim of a tontine is Yun Ang of Sadleir, who is a pensioner with no money. Consistently, all efforts to contact the organiser have been unsuccessful.
LA TONTINE FRANCE Continuons notre revue des placements financiers d'epargne retraite et découvrons qu'est-ce que la tontine en faisant un peu d'histoire (le principe est identique a celui appliqué aux biens immobiliers). La tontine n'est pas un produit (financier) mais un système d'épargne dont on trouve la définition dans n'importe quel dictionnaire : "Une association collective d'épargnants qui mettent en commun des fonds pour une période librement déterminée." Le résultat : un esprit mutualiste qui fait la force et limite les risques pour les participants. C'est la raison pour laquelle on ne dit pas un souscripteur mais un adhérent, et que l'on ne parle pas d'un assuré mais d'un sociétaire... Sous son apparence un tantinet "désuète et ringarde" se cache un système d'épargne mutuelle parmi les plus rentables ! Le général Riffault, persuadé par l'opportunité de ce système d'épargne, créa les "Associations mutuelles Le Conservateur" en 1844 dont la mission était de : tontiner... Oui. > Conclusion :
Cogitations d'un entrepreneur Private equity A private equity investment will generally be made by a private equity firm, a venture capital firm or an angel investor. Each of these categories of investor has its own set of goals, preferences and investment strategies; however, all provide working capital to a target company to nurture expansion, new-product development, or restructuring of the company’s operations, management, or ownership.[2] Bloomberg Businessweek has called private equity a rebranding of leveraged buyout firms after the 1980s. Among the most common investment strategies in private equity are: leveraged buyouts, venture capital, growth capital, distressed investments and mezzanine capital. In a typical leveraged buyout transaction, a private equity firm buys majority control of an existing or mature firm. Private equity is also often grouped into a broader category called private capital, generally used to describe capital supporting any long-term, illiquid investment strategy. Strategies[edit] Notes:
Angel investor An angel Investor or angel (also known as a business angel or informal investor) is an affluent individual who provides capital for a business start-up, usually in exchange for convertible debt or ownership equity. A small but increasing number of angel investors organize themselves into angel groups or angel networks to share research and pool their investment capital, as well as to provide advice to their portfolio companies.[1] Etymology and origin[edit] The term "angel" originally comes from Broadway, where it was used to describe wealthy individuals who provided money for theatrical productions. In 1978, William Wetzel,[2] then a professor at the University of New Hampshire and founder of its Center for Venture Research, completed a pioneering study on how entrepreneurs raised seed capital in the USA, and he began using the term "angel" to describe the investors that supported them. Source and extent of funding[edit] Investment profile[edit] Geographical differences[edit] US[edit]
Venture capital In addition to angel investing and other seed funding options, venture capital is attractive for new companies with limited operating history that are too small to raise capital in the public markets and have not reached the point where they are able to secure a bank loan or complete a debt offering. In exchange for the high risk that venture capitalists assume by investing in smaller and less mature companies, venture capitalists usually get significant control over company decisions, in addition to a significant portion of the company's ownership (and consequently value). Venture capital is also associated with job creation (accounting for 2% of US GDP),[2] the knowledge economy, and used as a proxy measure of innovation within an economic sector or geography. It is also a way in which public and private sectors can construct an institution that systematically creates networks for the new firms and industries, so that they can progress. History[edit] J.H. 1980s[edit] Funding[edit]
Crowd funding Crowdfunding is the practice of funding a project or venture by raising monetary contributions from a large number of people, typically via the internet.[1] One early-stage equity expert described it as “the practice of raising funds from two or more people over the internet towards a common Service, Project, Product, Investment, Cause, and Experience, or SPPICE.”[2] The crowdfunding model is fueled by three types of actors: the project initiator who proposes the idea and/or project to be funded; individuals or groups who support the idea; and a moderating organization (the "platform") that brings the parties together to launch the idea.[3] In 2013, the crowdfunding industry grew to be over $5.1 billion worldwide.[4] History[edit] Types[edit] The Crowdfunding Centre's May 2014 report identified the existence of two primary types of crowdfunding: Rewards-based[edit] Equity[edit] Debt-based[edit] Litigation[edit] Charity[edit] Role of the crowd[edit] Crowdfunding platforms[edit] Origins[edit] Press
MENA Private Equity Association - Supporting and Developing private equity and venture capital industry