Usenet

A diagram of Usenet servers and clients. The blue, green, and red dots on the servers represent the groups they carry. Arrows between servers indicate newsgroup group exchanges (feeds). Arrows between clients and servers indicate that a user is subscribed to a certain group and reads or submits articles. One notable difference between a BBS or web forum and Usenet is the absence of a central server and dedicated administrator. Introduction[edit] The articles that users post to Usenet are organized into topical categories called newsgroups, which are themselves logically organized into hierarchies of subjects. In most newsgroups, the majority of the articles are responses to some other article. When a user posts an article, it is initially only available on that user's news server. The format and transmission of Usenet articles is similar to that of Internet e-mail messages. Today, Usenet has diminished in importance with respect to Internet forums, blogs and mailing lists. History[edit]

Bangpath! Mail Routing UUCP is an abbreviation of Unix-to-Unix Copy.[1] The term generally refers to a suite of computer programs and protocols allowing remote execution of commands and transfer of files, email and netnews between computers. Specifically, a command named uucp is one of the programs in the suite; it provides a user interface for requesting file copy operations. The UUCP suite also includes uux (user interface for remote command execution), uucico (the communication program that performs the file transfers), uustat (reports statistics on recent activity), uuxqt (execute commands sent from remote machines), and uuname (reports the UUCP name of the local system). Some versions of the suite include uuencode/uudecode (convert 8-bit binary files to 7-bit text format and vice versa). Technology[edit] UUCP can use several different types of physical connections and link layer protocols, but was most commonly used over dial-up connections. History[edit] Mail routing[edit] User barbox! Bang path[edit]

UUCP UUCP is an abbreviation of Unix-to-Unix Copy.[1] The term generally refers to a suite of computer programs and protocols allowing remote execution of commands and transfer of files, email and netnews between computers. Specifically, a command named uucp is one of the programs in the suite; it provides a user interface for requesting file copy operations. The UUCP suite also includes uux (user interface for remote command execution), uucico (the communication program that performs the file transfers), uustat (reports statistics on recent activity), uuxqt (execute commands sent from remote machines), and uuname (reports the UUCP name of the local system). Some versions of the suite include uuencode/uudecode (convert 8-bit binary files to 7-bit text format and vice versa). Technology[edit] UUCP can use several different types of physical connections and link layer protocols, but was most commonly used over dial-up connections. History[edit] Mail routing[edit] User barbox! Bang path[edit]

RSCS - Wikipedia The history of this program, and its influence on IBM and the IBM user community, is described in contemporaneous accounts and interviews by Melinda Varian.[1] Technical goals and innovations are described by Creasy [2] and by Hendricks and Hartmann[3] in seminal papers. Among academic users, the same software was employed by BITNET and related networks worldwide. Background[edit] RSCS arose because people throughout IBM recognized a need to exchange files. In 1971, Norman L. The first version of RSCS distributed outside of IBM (1975) was not a complete networking package. Once those capabilities were added, “the network began to grow like crazy.”[5] Although at first the IBM network depended on people going to their computer room and dialing a phone, it soon began to acquire leased lines. By 1986, IBM’s Think magazine estimated that VNET was saving the company $150,000,000 per year as the result of increased productivity. Other RSCS Protocol Compatible Networks[edit] Technical Issues[edit]

BITNET - A History BITNET was an early world leader in network communications for the research and education communities, and helped lay the groundwork for the subsequent introduction of the Internet, especially outside the US. BITNET was a "store-and-forward" network similar to the Usenet, and coincidentally invented at about the same time, in 1981, by Ira Fuchs and Greydon Freeman at the City University of New York (CUNY), and originally named for the phrase "Because It's There Net", later updated to "Because It's Time Net". The system was originally based on IBM's VNET email system and used the Remote Spooling Communications Subsystem (RSCS) and NJE/NJI protocols on the IBM Virtual Machine (VM) mainframe operating system. Later, RSCS was emulated on other popular operating systems like DEC VMS and Unix to extend BITNET to institutions that didn't run VM. The first BITNET connection was from CUNY to Yale University. Resources.

BITNET - Wikipedia BITNET was a cooperative USA university computer network founded in 1981 by Ira Fuchs at the City University of New York (CUNY) and Greydon Freeman at Yale University.[1] The first network link was between CUNY and Yale. The requirements for a college or university to join BITNET were simple: Lease a data circuit (phone line) from a site to an existing BITNET node.Buy modems for each end of the data circuit, sending one to the connecting point site.Allow other institutions to connect to a site without chargeback. BITNET came to mean "Because It's Time Network", although the original meaning was "Because It's There Network".[2] At its zenith around 1991, BITNET extended to almost 500 organizations and 3,000 nodes, all educational institutions. The non-profit, educational policies, however well intended, limited exchange with commercial entities, including IBM itself when it came to assistance and software bug fixes. In 1996, CREN ended their support for BITNET. See also[edit]