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Deconstruction

Deconstruction
Deconstruction (French: déconstruction) is a form of philosophical and literary analysis derived principally from Jacques Derrida's 1967 work Of Grammatology.[1] In the 1980s it designated more loosely a range of theoretical enterprises in diverse areas of the humanities and social sciences, including—in addition to philosophy and literature—law,[2][3][4] anthropology,[5] historiography,[6] linguistics,[7] sociolinguistics,[8] psychoanalysis, political theory, feminism, and gay and lesbian studies. Deconstruction still has a major influence in the academe of Continental Europe and South America where Continental philosophy is predominant, particularly in debates around ontology, epistemology, ethics, aesthetics, hermeneutics, and the philosophy of language. It also influenced architecture (in the form of deconstructivism), music,[9] art,[10] and art criticism.[11] Etymology[edit] On deconstruction[edit] Derrida's approach to literary criticism[edit] Basic philosophical concerns[edit]

Wayfinding and Social Platforms. Download this gallery (ZIP, null KB) Download full size (74 KB) “The heart of civilization throbs wherever people come together to work, play, shop, study, perform, worship, or just interact. Crowded into bustling spaces, they share the richness and diversity of human experience as well as its challenges. Throughout history, people natural gravitate to city centers and the public places where all the action is. Download full size (215 KB) The book got me thinking about the similarities between wayfinding and the social web. Beyond the architectural and graphic cues, wayfinding also relies on tactile communication - a form of nonverbal communication or body language in which touching, handshaking, kissing, etc. conveys a message from sender to receiver. Download full size (107 KB) The interesting thing about wayfinding design for physical locations is that it must be usable by both locals and tourists.

Eternal return Eternal return (also known as "eternal recurrence") is a concept that the universe has been recurring, and will continue to recur, in a self-similar form an infinite number of times across infinite time or space. The concept is found in Indian philosophy and in ancient Egypt and was subsequently taken up by the Pythagoreans and Stoics. With the decline of antiquity and the spread of Christianity, the concept fell into disuse in the Western world, with the exception of Friedrich Nietzsche, who connected the thought to many of his other concepts, including amor fati. In addition, the philosophical concept of eternal recurrence was addressed by Arthur Schopenhauer. It is a purely physical concept, involving no supernatural reincarnation, but the return of beings in the same bodies. Premise[edit] The basic premise proceeds from the assumption that the probability of a world coming into existence exactly like our own is greater than zero (we know this because our world exists). Judaism[edit]

PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES IN EDUCATION Section III - Philosophical Perspectives in Education Part 1 Overview Philosophy means "love of wisdom." It is made up of two Greek words, philo, meaning love, and sophos, meaning wisdom. Your educational philosophy is your beliefs about why, what and how you teach, whom you teach, and about the nature of learning. When you examine a philosophy different from your own, it helps you to "wrestle" with your own thinking. Branches of Philosophy There are three major branches of philosophy. Think about it: Why might the study of philosophy be particularly important to educators? © 1999 LeoNora M.

The Digital Past: When Typefaces Were Experimental Voice asked me to do a post-digital exploration of type to see if a new “experimental” stage was in the wings. But the more I thought about his request, the more I felt it was necessary to look back at the history of digital type design and sort out what really happened before trying to look ahead. Introduction In the early 1990s, the term “experimental” came to be associated with fonts displayed in Emigre magazine. A number of those fonts were worthy of the label, but in the ensuing years “experimental” was attached to any typeface that seemed to be outside the norm. It came to mean wild, radical or weird. Instead of looking solely, or even primarily, at such “experimental” fonts I have chosen to list typefaces that for one reason or another—technological, ideological, conceptual, cultural or even aesthetic—broke new ground in the digital era. Digi-Grotesk S Marconi Bell Centennial Chicago AMS Euler Adobe Times Roman and Adobe Helvetica Lucida Serif and Lucida Sans Citizen Matrix TF Forever Remer

Nihilism Nihilism is also a characteristic that has been ascribed to time periods: for example, Jean Baudrillard and others have called postmodernity a nihilistic epoch,[4] and some Christian theologians and figures of religious authority have asserted that postmodernity[5] and many aspects of modernity[3] represent a rejection of theism, and that such rejection of their theistic doctrine entails nihilism. Forms of nihilism[edit] Nihilism has many definitions, and thus can describe philosophical positions that are arguably independent. [edit] Metaphysical nihilism is the philosophical theory that there might be no objects at all—that is, that there is a possible world where there are no objects at all—or at least that there might be no concrete objects at all—so that even if every possible world contains some objects, there is at least one that contains only abstract objects. Epistemological nihilism[edit] Mereological nihilism[edit] This interpretation of existence must be based on resolution.

PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES IN EDUCATION Section III - Philosophical Perspectives in Education Part 3 Educational Philosophies Within the epistemological frame that focuses on the nature of knowledge and how we come to know, there are four major educational philosophies, each related to one or more of the general or world philosophies just discussed. These educational philosophical approaches are currently used in classrooms the world over. Perennialism For Perennialists, the aim of education is to ensure that students acquire understandings about the great ideas of Western civilization. Essentialism Essentialists believe that there is a common core of knowledge that needs to be transmitted to students in a systematic, disciplined way. Progressivism Progressivists believe that education should focus on the whole child, rather than on the content or the teacher. Critical theorists, like social reconstructionists, believe that systems must be changed to overcome oppression and improve human conditions.

Typo-L : The Crystal Goblet The Crystal Goblet, or Printing Should Be Invisible by Beatrice Warde (1900 -- 1969) Imagine that you have before you a flagon of wine. You may choose your own favourite vintage for this imaginary demonstration, so that it be a deep shimmering crimson in colour. Bear with me in this long-winded and fragrant metaphor; for you will find that almost all the virtues of the perfect wine-glass have a parallel in typography. Now the man who first chose glass instead of clay or metal to hold his wine was a 'modernist' in the sense in which I am going to use that term. Wine is so strange and potent a thing that it has been used in the central ritual of religion in one place and time, and attacked by a virago with a hatchet in another. If you agree with this, you will agree with my one main idea, i.e. that the most important thing about printing is that it conveys thought, ideas, images, from one mind to other minds. London 1955.

Martin Heidegger Martin Heidegger (German: [ˈmaɐ̯tiːn ˈhaɪdɛɡɐ]; 26 September 1889 – 26 May 1976) was a German philosopher, widely seen as a seminal thinker in the Continental tradition, particularly within the fields of existential phenomenology and philosophical hermeneutics. From his beginnings as a Catholic academic, he developed a groundbreaking and widely influential philosophy. His relationship with Nazism has been a controversial and widely debated subject. For Heidegger, the things in lived experience always have more to them than what we can see; accordingly, the true nature of being is “withdrawal”. It has been suggested[by whom?] Biography[edit] Early years[edit] The Mesnerhaus in Meßkirch, where Heidegger grew up Studying theology at the University of Freiburg while supported by the church on the understanding that he would defend their doctrine, Heidegger broke with Catholicism, and switched to philosophy. Marburg[edit] Freiburg[edit] According to historian Richard J. Post-war[edit]

Max Weber Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Weber. Max Weber Max Weber en 1894 Max Weber, né le et mort le , est un économiste et sociologue allemand[1], Il est l'un des fondateurs de la sociologie moderne et l'un des premiers à avoir pensé la modernité d'un point de vue critique. On lui doit une analyse de la bureaucratie, forme d'organisation sociale. Outre son travail de recherche, Weber s'est engagé dans l'action politique. Introduction[modifier | modifier le code] Max Weber est considéré comme le fondateur de la sociologie compréhensive. L'œuvre de Weber est dominée par une recherche sur la rationalité et, plus spécifiquement, sur le processus de rationalisation de l'action pratique comme caractéristique propre de la modernité en Occident. « Ce qui importe donc, en premier lieu, c'est de reconnaître et d'expliquer dans sa genèse la particularité du rationalisme occidental […]. Réception de son œuvre[modifier | modifier le code]

The optimism of modernity : what Meaning of life Questions Questions about the meaning of life have been expressed in a broad variety of ways, including the following: What is the meaning of life? What's it all about? Who are we?[1][2][3] Philosopher in Meditation (detail) by RembrandtWhy are we here? These questions have resulted in a wide range of competing answers and arguments, from scientific theories, to philosophical, theological, and spiritual explanations. Scientific inquiry and perspectives Many members of the scientific community and philosophy of science communities think that science can provide the relevant context, and set of parameters necessary for dealing with topics related to the meaning of life. Psychological significance and value in life Neuroscience describes reward, pleasure, and motivation in terms of neurotransmitter activity, especially in the limbic system and the ventral tegmental area in particular. Emerging research shows that meaning in life predicts better physical health outcomes. Parapsychology Platonism

École de Francfort Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Parmi ses premiers membres, on compte Max Horkheimer (1895-1973), qui fut le directeur de l'Institut à partir de 1930, son collègue Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969) avec qui il écrira après-guerre La Dialectique de la raison, sorte de critique de la société de consommation, Erich Fromm (1900-1980), considéré comme l'un des fondateurs du freudo-marxisme et qui mêla psychanalyse et sociologie quantitative, Walter Benjamin (1892-1940), écartelé entre ses influences messianiques hébraïques et un marxisme inspiré de Lukács (1895-1971), ou encore le juriste, davantage social-démocrate, Franz Neumann (1900-1954). L'arrivée d'Hitler au pouvoir contraint l'Institut à fermer ses portes et ses membres, dispersés, à l'exil. Définition[modifier | modifier le code] L'appellation « École de Francfort » apparaît au cours des années 1950. D'autre part, elle prétend s'appliquer rétroactivement à la fondation même de l'Institut de recherche sociale.

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