Dunnie The Dunnie was also said to wander the crags and dales of the Cheviots singing: "Cockenheugh there's gear enough, Collierheugh there's mair, For I've lost the key o' the Bounders, (or "It is also "I've lost the key o' the Bowden-door.") An' I'm ruined for evermair The Dunnie is thus thought to be a ghost of a reiver who hoarded his loot in the fells and guards his ill-gotten gains to this day.[1] In full the song of the dunnie goes: For I've lost the key o' the Bounders" "Ross for rabbits, and Elwick for kail, Of a' the' towns e'er I saw Howick for ale: Howick for ale, and Kyloe for scrubbers, Of a' the towns e'er I saw Lowick for robbers;- Lowick for robbers, Buckton for breed, Of a' the towns e'er I saw Holy Island for need;- Holy Island for need, and Grindon for kye, Of a' the towns e'er I saw Doddington for rye:- Doddington for rye, Bowisdon for rigs[disambiguation needed], Barmour for whigs, Tweedmouth for doors, Of a' the towns e'er I saw Ancroft for whores:-
Changeling A Changeling is a creature found in folklore and folk religion. It is typically described as being the offspring of a fairy, troll, elf or other legendary creature that has been secretly left in the place of a human child. Sometimes the term is also used to refer to the child who was taken. The theme of the swapped child is common among medieval literature and reflects concern over infants thought to be afflicted with unexplained diseases, disorders, or developmental disabilities. In some rare cases, the very elderly of the Fairy people would be exchanged in the place of a human baby, and then the old fairy could live in comfort, being coddled by its human parents. In Scottish folklore, the children might be replacements for fairy children in the tithe to Hell, this is best known from the ballad of Tam Lin. In another Swedish fairy tale (which is depicted by the image), a princess is kidnapped by trolls and replaced with their own offspring against the wishes of the troll mother.
Caoineag Caoineag (Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [kʰɯːɲak]) is a Scottish spirit, her name meaning ‘the weeper’ and one of the names given to the Highland Banshee, Caointeach is another. Within Celtic mythology, she is a variant of the Bean-Nighe, known as the 'Washer at the Ford' and belonged to the class of Fuath, evil water spirits. Unlike the Bean Nighe, she is heard but never seen, and cannot be approached to grant wishes. Caoineag in mythology and folklore[edit] Scottish folklorist Alexander Carmichael in Carmina Gadelica, says that before the Massacre of Glencoe, the Caoineag of the MacDonalds was heard to wail night after night.[1] References[edit] Dwale: an anaesthetic from old England Glaistig The glaistig /ˈɡlæʃtɨɡ/ is a ghost from Scottish mythology, a type of fuath. It is also known as maighdean uaine (Green Maiden), and may appear as a woman of beautiful or monstrous mien, as a half-woman half-goat similar to a satyr, or in the shape of a goat.[1] The lower goat half of her hybrid form is usually disguised by a long, flowing green robe or dress, and the woman often appears grey with long yellow hair.[2] The name is evidently cognate with the Manx "glashtin", and is similar to the "sacbaun" of Galloway. Variants[edit] The glaistig is an ambivalent ghost that appears in legend as both a malign and benign creature. In other, more benign incarnations, the glaistig is a type of tutelary spirit and protector of cattle and herders, and in at least one legend in Scotland,[2] the town of Ach-na-Creige had such a spirit protecting the cattle herds. The Green Lady[edit] A third tale synthesizes the two threads. In Literature[edit] References[edit]
Doctor's Review | A real knockout © Medicine: An Illustrated History (Harry N. Abrams, 1978) Europe in the Middle Ages was about as bad a time and place to be a patient as there ever was. Murky, religious superstitions superceded reason in virtually every arena of life, from agriculture and education to politics and medicine. Childbirth was often a death sentence, diseases were worsened by the cures, and forget about any sort of trauma: surgery, sutures and broken bones were universally feared and endured. From ether to opium Better almost to have had a baby in Sumeria around 3400 BC when narcotic blessings were already wafting up from the opium fields. Aside from a few painkilling blips here and there, it wasn’t until the 19th century that true relief from surgery reached the West. Recipe for disaster Yes, up until relatively recently, prayer and potions were all that could be offered to the bleeding, bulging masses. A good recipe became all the rage and physicians had their favourites. Home remedies from hell
Wirry-cow In Scotland, a wirry-cowe [ˈwɪɾɪkʌu, ˈwʌɾɪkʌu] was a bugbear, goblin, ghost, ghoul or other frightful object.[1] Sometimes the term was used for the Devil or a scarecrow. Draggled sae 'mang muck and stanes, They looked like wirry-cows The word was used by Sir Walter Scott in his novel Guy Mannering. The word is derived by John Jamieson from worry (Modern Scots wirry[2]), in its old sense of harassment[3] in both English[4] and Lowland Scots,[5] from Old English wyrgan cognate with Dutch wurgen and German würgen[6] and cowe; a hobgoblin, an object of terror.[7][8] Wirry appears in several other compound words such as wirry hen; a ruffianly character, a rogue,[9] wirry-boggle; a rogue, a rascal, and wirry-carle; a snarling, ill-natured person, one who is dreaded as a bugbear.[10]
History of general anesthesia The Bulfinch Building, home of the Ether Dome Attempts at producing a state of general anesthesia can be traced throughout recorded history in the writings of the ancient Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Indians, and Chinese. During the Middle Ages, which correspond roughly to what is sometimes referred to as the Islamic Golden Age, scientists and other scholars made significant advances in science and medicine in the Muslim world and Eastern world, while their European counterparts also made important advances. The Renaissance saw significant advances in anatomy and surgical technique. Two "quantum leaps" occurred in the late 19th century, which together allowed the transition to modern surgery. In the 20th century, the safety and efficacy of general anesthesia was improved by the routine use of tracheal intubation and other advanced airway management techniques. Etymology of "anesthesia"[edit] Antiquity[edit] Opium[edit] Classical antiquity[edit] China[edit]
Crom Dubh Crom Dubh or Crum Dubh (Irish pronunciation: [krˠoumˠ d̪ˠuβˠ], Scottish Gaelic: [kʰɾɔum t̪uh]), meaning "black crooked [one]", alt. "Dark Crom", was a Celtic god, for which see The Voyage of Bran, Book II.[1] He may have been represented by megaliths. Dé Domhnaigh Crum-Dubh – "Crom Dubh Sunday" – is known in Ireland as the first Sunday in August, but in Lochaber is applied to Easter. It appears in the Scottish saying: DiDòmhnaich Crum Dubh, plaoisgidh mi an t-ugh. "Crooked black Sunday, I’ll shell the egg." The exact origin of this saying is unknown, but there is some evidence that Crom Dubh was a fertility god. Etymology[edit] There may be an etymological connection with cromlech, a term of Breton origin. Magh Slécht[edit] Crom Dubh is called the chief Celtic idol of Ireland by Michael J. Was Crom Dubh the same as Crom Cruach? In The Voyage of Bran, Book II,[3] the dinnseanchas of Magh Slécht is quoted as mentioning the Crom Croich/Crom Cruach, or king idol of Ireland. See also[edit]
Cirein-cròin Ceirean,[1] Cirein-cròin[1] or cionarain-crò[2] was a large sea monster in Scottish Gaelic folklore. An old saying claims that it was so large that it fed on seven whales: Local folklores say this huge animal can disguise himself as a small, silver fish when fisherman come in contact with it.[3] Other accounts state the reason for the disguise was to attract its next meal; when the fisherman would catch it in its small silver fish form, once aboard it changed back to the monster and ate him.[4] According to Forbes, "[In another saying] cionarain-cro here is substituted, as Avill be seen, for the cirein-croin in the former saving, and ranks second to the "great sea animal Forbes identifies the creature as a large sea serpent,[6] but this is arguable. Forbes, Alexander Gaelic names of beasts (mammalia), birds, fishes, insects, reptiles, etc. (1905); available hereThis article incorporates text from "Dwelly's [Scottish] Gaelic Dictionary" (1911).
Baleen whale The baleen whales (Mysticeti), also called whalebone whales, is one of two suborders of the Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises). They are the edentulous whales, characterized by having baleen plates for filtering food from water, rather than teeth like in the toothed whales or Odontoceti. Living species of Mysticeti have teeth only during the embryonic phase. Fossil Mysticeti had teeth before baleen evolved. Etymology[edit] Anatomy[edit] Baleen whales vary considerably in size Baleen whales are generally larger than toothed whales, and females are bigger than males. The members of the four recognized families of baleen whales can be distinguished by several external and internal features:[2] The two remaining families are intermediate in appearance between right whales and balaenopterids: The pygmy right whale (Neobalenidae) have short heads — a quarter of the body length — with arched upper jaw and bowed lower lips. Jaw[edit] Blowholes[edit] Behaviour[edit] Diet[edit] Sound[edit]
Killer whale The killer whale (Orcinus orca), also referred to as the orca whale or orca, and less commonly as the blackfish, is a toothed whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family. Killer whales are found in all oceans, from the frigid Arctic and Antarctic regions to tropical seas. Killer whales as a species have a diverse diet, although individual populations often specialize in particular types of prey. Some feed exclusively on fish, while others hunt marine mammals such as sea lions, seals, walruses, and even large whales. Killer whales are highly social; some populations are composed of matrilineal family groups which are the most stable of any animal species. The IUCN currently assesses the orca's conservation status as data deficient because of the likelihood that two or more killer whale types are separate species. Taxonomy and evolution Common names Types Type C killer whales in the Ross Sea: The eye patch slants forward. Three types have been documented in the Antarctic. Morphology
Camus (folklore) Camus, in historic literature, was a Scandinavian general dispatched to engage the Scots in battle, reportedly in the early eleventh century AD.[1] The legendary engagement was called the Battle of Barry, and was first alluded to by Boece.[2] The historical nature of Camus and the Battle of Barry was called into doubt in the early nineteenth century. Evidence formerly cited for the battle included the large number of human remains found on Barry Links, where the town of Carnoustie, Angus now stands, now reinterpreted as a Pictish cemetery of earlier date.[3][4] The remains of a fort near Kirkbuddo, formerly known as 'Norway Dykes', from where the Danish army are supposed to have marched is now recognised to be of Roman origin.[5] Boece attributed Pictish sculptured stones found throughout Angus and the surrounding area to the Danish invasions. The name 'Camus' derives from 'Camuston', the location of the Camus Cross. Stone of Morphie Hector Boece. 1527.