Counterculture A counterculture (also written counter-culture) is a subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream cultural mores.[1][2] Prominent examples of countercultures in Europe and North America include Romanticism (1790–1840), Bohemianism (1850–1910), the more fragmentary counterculture of the Beat Generation (1944–1964), and perhaps most prominently, the counterculture of the 1960s (1964–1974), usually associated with the hippie subculture.[3] Definition and characteristics[edit] Scholars differ in the characteristics and specificity they attribute to "counterculture". "Mainstream" culture is of course also difficult to define, and in some ways becomes identified and understood through contrast with counterculture. Counterculture may or may not be explicitly political. Typically, a "fringe culture" expands and grows into a counterculture by defining its own values in opposition to mainstream norms.
Protopunk Proto-punk is the music from the mid-1960s to mid-1970s that influenced punk rock. Typically, proto-punk artists were not themselves considered punk and proto-punk is not a distinct musical genre as it includes a wide range of musical backgrounds and styles. History[edit] Origins[edit] Development in the US[edit] International development[edit] Punk rock[edit] The invention of the term "punk rock" is generally credited to critic Dave Marsh who used it in 1970 to describe the group Question Mark & the Mysterians, who scored a major hit with their song "96 Tears".[33] Over the next few years, the term was used occasionally to describe a number of American bands, mostly active in the mid-to-late '60s, playing music that today would be classified as garage rock: a ragged, highly energetic, often amateurish form of rock and roll. In later years, historians and critics began exploring the roots of punk, and the term "protopunk" was coined to describe early, pre-punk influences. Categorization[edit]
Punk Rock (play) In the library of a grammar school, seven sixth-formers are preparing for their mock-A Levels and nearing the end of their school lives. There are various sub-plots detailing the various love lines or triangles that emerge through the play. Some critics have criticised Stephens for unoriginality, however. Punk Rock inspired Identity Crisis, a drama and philosophy project, exploring the play's themes with young people in London and Manchester.[13] Punk Rock is frequently used in Drama education in sixth form in England, as well as a few other places around the world. Punk rock subgenres A number of overlapping punk rock subgenres have developed since the emergence of punk rock (often shortened to punk) in the mid-1970s. Even though punk genres at times are difficult to segregate, they usually show differing characteristics in overall structures, instrumental and vocal styles, and tempo. However, sometimes a particular trait is common in several genres, and thus punk genres are normally grouped by a combination of traits. Anarcho punk[edit] Main article: Anarcho-punk Christian punk[edit] Main article: Christian punk Crust punk[edit] Garage punk[edit] Main article: Garage punk Garage punk is punk rock heavily influenced by garage rock. Glam punk[edit] Glam punk (also called glitter punk) fuses elements of punk rock and glam rock, commonly reflected in image. Hardcore punk[edit] Main article: Hardcore punk Horror punk[edit] Main article: Horror punk Nazi punk[edit] Nazi punk is punk rock that promotes neo-Nazism. Noise rock[edit] Oi! Queercore[edit] Riot Grrrl[edit] Skate punk[edit] [edit]
History of the punk subculture The history of the punk subculture involves the history of punk rock, ideology, fashion, visual art, literature, dance, and film. Since emerging in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia in the mid-1970s, the punk subculture has spread around the globe and evolved into a number of different forms. The history of punk plays important part in the history of subcultures in the 20th century. Two UK punks in the 1980s Antecedents and influences[edit] Several precursors to the punk subculture had varying degrees of influence on that culture. Art and philosophy[edit] A number of philosophical and artistic movements were influences on and precursors to the punk movement. A Sex Pistols poster Literature and film[edit] Various writers, books, and literary movements were important to the formation of the punk subculture. Music[edit] Punk rock has a variety of origins. Earlier subcultures[edit] Origins[edit] Patti Smith in 1978 New York City[edit] London[edit]
Garage Rock Garage rock is a raw form of rock and roll that was first popular in the United States and Canada from about 1963 to 1967. Its name derives from the perception that many often rehearsed in a family garage. In the early 1970s, some critics referred to the style as punk rock, the first form of music to bear this description; although it is sometimes called garage punk, protopunk, or 1960s punk, the style has predominantly been referred to as garage rock. Characteristics[edit] The term garage rock comes from the perception that many such performers were young and amateurish, and often rehearsed in a family garage.[1] Some bands were made up of middle-class teenagers from the suburbs, but some were from rural or urban areas, while others were composed of professional musicians in their twenties.[2] History[edit] Origins[edit] The style began to evolve from regional scenes as early as 1958. Peak of popularity[edit] The 1965 song "¡Demolición!" Decline[edit] Revivals[edit] See also[edit]
Punk Rock at Birmingham Repertory Theatre William Carlisle. The world at his feet. Its weight on his shoulders. Intelligent. Articulate. F***ed. As the end of term approaches, a group of sixth-formers prepare themselves for the end of their school lives. A raw young cast expose the violence simmering under the surface of achieving success in a blistering new play by Simon Stephens, writer of Pornography and the Olivier Award-winning On The Shore Of The Wide World. PUNK ROCK is written by Simon Stephens, one of the UK’s most exciting playwrights. Listen to Mark Lawson’s interview with Simon Stephens on BBC Radio 4’s FRONT ROW
Timeline of punk rock This is a timeline of punk rock, from its beginnings in the early 1960s to the present time. Bands or albums listed before 1974 are of diverse genres and are retrospectively called "protopunk". Over the years 1974 and 1975, the scene emerged that developed into punk, and it had acquired this name by the start of 1976. Protopunk[edit] 1960s[edit] 1960[edit] 1962[edit] 1963[edit] 1964[edit] Albums 1965[edit] 1966[edit] 1967[edit] 1968[edit] 1969[edit] 1970s[edit] 1970[edit] Early punk[edit] 1971[edit] 1972[edit] 1973[edit] 1974[edit] Events Television and Ramones start performing at CBGB. 1975[edit] Punk rock[edit] 1976[edit] 1977[edit] 1978[edit] 1979[edit] Events Sid Vicious, Sex Pistols bassist, dies of a heroin overdose at age 21.Nina Hagen creates a media uproar after appearance on Austrian talk-show Club 2 discussing female orgasm and simulating masturbation.John Foxx left Ultravox for solo career early in the year, and replaced by ex-Rich Kids Midge Ure.Ramones star in the movie Rock and Roll High School.
Sex Pistols The Sex Pistols were an English punk rock band that formed in London in 1975. They were responsible for initiating the punk movement in the United Kingdom and inspiring many later punk and alternative rock musicians. Although their original career lasted just two-and-a-half years and produced only four singles and one studio album, Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols, they are regarded as one of the most influential acts in the history of popular music.[1][2] In January 1978, at the end of a turbulent tour of the United States, Rotten left the Sex Pistols and announced its break-up. Over the next several months, the three other band members recorded songs for McLaren's film version of the Sex Pistols' story, The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle. Vicious died of a heroin overdose in February 1979. History[edit] Origins and early days[edit] The group had been rehearsing regularly, overseen by McLaren's friend Bernard Rhodes, and had performed publicly for the first time.
Beat Music Use of the term[edit] The exact origins of the terms Beat music and Merseybeat are uncertain. Beat music seems to have had little to do with the Beat Generation literary movement of the 1950s, and more to do with driving rhythms, which the bands had adopted from their rock and roll, rhythm and blues and soul music influences. Characteristics[edit] "the chord playing of the rhythm guitar was broken up into a series of separate strokes, often one to the bar, with the regular plodding of the bass guitar and crisp drumming behind it. History[edit] The Dave Clark Five appearing on the The Ed Sullivan Show in 1966 In the late 1950s, a flourishing culture of groups began to emerge, often out of the declining skiffle scene, in major urban centres in the UK like Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham and London. British Invasion[edit] Decline and influence[edit] By 1967 beat music was beginning to sound out of date, particularly compared with the "harder edged" blues rock that was beginning to emerge.
Simon Stephens Simon Stephens (born Manchester, 6 February 1971) is an award-winning English playwright. Having taught on the Young Writers' Programme at the Royal Court Theatre for many years, he is now an Artistic Associate at the Lyric Hammersmith. His writing is characterised as part of the in-yer-face generation and is widely performed not only in the UK but also throughout Europe, with several of his plays being premiered abroad. Along with Dennis Kelly, he is one of the most performed English-language writers in Germany. Life[edit] Originally from Stockport, Greater Manchester, Stephens graduated from the University of York with a degree in History. He was a member of Scottish art punk band Country Teasers. He lives in London with his wife and three children. Plays[edit] Awards[edit] References[edit]
The Clash The Clash's politicised lyrics, musical experimentation, promotion of DIY ethics and rebellious attitude had a far-reaching influence on rock, alternative rock in particular.[2] They became widely referred to as "The Only Band That Matters", originally a promotional slogan introduced by the group's record label, CBS. In January 2003, the band—including original drummer Terry Chimes—were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked the Clash number 28 on their list of the 100 greatest artists of all time.[3] History[edit] Origins: 1974–76[edit] The act was still searching for a lead singer. "so I went out in the crowd which was fairly sparse. On 30 May, Rhodes and Levene met surreptitiously with Strummer after a 101'ers gig. Early gigs and the growing scene: 1976[edit] With Rhodes insisting that the band not perform live again until they were much tighter, the Clash rehearsed intensely over the following month. Punk outbreak and UK fame: 1977–79[edit]
Hardcore Punk Hardcore sprouted underground scenes across the United States in the early 1980s particularly in Washington, D.C., California, New York, New Jersey, and Boston—as well as in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. Musical characteristics[edit] Politics[edit] Punk fans burning a United States flag in the 1980s. Hardcore dancing[edit] Clothing style[edit] History[edit] Late 1970s-early 1980s[edit] United States[edit] Los Angeles[edit]