TOEFL iBT Quick Prep TOEFL iBT® Quick Prep is a free practice tool with real TOEFL iBT questions from past tests. Each Quick Prep volume includes questions from all four sections of the test. Volumes 1 and 2 have transcripts of the audio portions of the test, but do not include audio. An accessible electronic version of Quick Prep, consisting of sets of questions from both Volumes 3 and 4, is also available for test takers with disabilities. The audio files are embedded in the PDFs. Volume 3 Audio Files Volume 4 Audio Files Getting Your Tricky Conditionals Right I’ve had several questions recently about conditionals. Some of them are from listeners asking about kinds of conditionals called the “first, second, and third conditionals.” Meanwhile, a listener named Lorelai has a different question. She understands English conditionals fairly well, but is uncertain about conditionals like this one: If he died fighting, why didn’t they tell us about it? The dying happened in the past, but, as Lorelai wrote in an e-mail, “shouldn’t conditional clauses that refer to past actions be in past perfect and not past simple?” First, Second, and Third Conditionals Here’s the deal: First conditional, second conditional, and third conditional are not helpful or informative names, and in my opinion they aren’t worth teaching. Conditionals and the Subjunctive Mood You probably expect that if I’m talking about conditionals, I’m going to talk about the subjunctive mood. Present-Time Open Conditional: The Options Are Open Now let’s talk about the past tense.
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Weird Conditionals: If-Clauses That Are Always True Page 1 of 3 Today’s topic is the funny case of a special kind of if-clause, which is also a conditional mood construction. It’s special because where we expect that one part of the sentence must be true in order for the other part to be true, it logically can’t be so. When taken literally or interpreted as the unintended non-sequitur, these constructions can be funny. For example, a comedian named Demetri Martin once joked about a shop clerk who led him to the changing room having a "conditional identity" because she said, “If you need anything, I’m Jill.” (6). The Conditional Mood Is Expressed with Modal Auxiliary Verbs A language mood is like an attitude that is expressed with grammar or with words, and the conditional mood expresses probability, possibility, and also the fact that some things cause or lead to other things. (1) Kindness should be rewarded. That one expresses an opinion. (2) We could take the day off today. That one expresses possibility, or an option. Pages
English Language Teaching Your Space Your Space is a three-level course designed to motivate students as they change and grow. Learn More Conditionals: other expressions ( unless, should, as long as ) - English Grammar Today - Cambridge Dictionary Conditional clauses can begin with unless. Unless means something similar to ‘if … not’ or ‘except if’. The verb forms in the examples are similar to sentences with if: we use the present simple in the unless-clause and shall, should, will, would, can, could, may or might in the main clause: Unless I phone you, you can assume the train’s on time. (If I do not phone you /except if I phone you, you can assume the train is on time.) We’ll have to cancel the show unless we sell more tickets at the last minute. Warning: We don’t use unless for impossible conditions: If the government had not raised food prices, there would not have been so many protests. Not: Unless the government had raised food prices … We don’t use unless and if together: We’ll go to the coast tomorrow unless it rains. Not: We’ll go to the coast tomorrow unless if it rains. In formal situations, we can use should + subject (s) + verb (v) instead of if: Had I known you were waiting outside, I would have invited you to come in.
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Conditionals - English Grammar Today - Cambridge Dictionary Conditional sentences consider imagined or uncertain situations and the possible results of these situations. The most common types of conditional sentences involve if: [imagined situation]If I get the job in Milan, [result]I’ll be pretty happy. [outcome]We’ll have the party in the garden [imagined situation]as long as it doesn’t rain. Conditional sentences consist of a conditional clause and a main clause: [conditional clause]If a lot of people come, [main clause]we’ll have to get extra chairs. [conditional clause]Unless you book weeks in advance, [main clause]you won’t get a flight. The verb in the conditional clause reflects the speaker’s point of view on whether the imagined situation is likely or impossible: If you win the next match, will you be in the semi-final? If I won a million pounds, I would give this job up tomorrow! If we had won the competition, we would have had a free trip to Moscow. Conditional clauses usually come before main clauses but they may also come after them:
Third conditional We use the third conditional (if + past perfect, would + have + past participle) to talk about something in the past that did not happen. How is the third conditional different from the other conditionals? This is the way we imagine how things could have been different in the past. If I’d known, I would have worn something nicer. In this case, Amy didn’t know about the party so she didn’t wear special clothes. OK, so the bit after if is different to what really happened? Yes, then the next clause is imagining the result in the past, which didn’t happen, of course. I definitely would’ve remembered if you’d told me! So Alfie didn’t remember because Ollie didn’t tell him. Exactly. He wouldn’t have missed the bus if he hadn’t overslept. So he overslept and he missed the bus. Yes. If I’d seen him, I’d have asked him to come over. Can you use other verbs apart from would? Yes, we also use could or might. If they’d told me, I might have been able to help. These sentences all seem a bit negative.
English language quiz - conditionals - 01 If we leave now, we'll get there on time. This refers to an unreal situation. This refers to a real situation. This refers to something that is generally true.If you book your tickets in advance, you get a better price.