Cybernetics

Boolean algebra Boolean algebra was introduced by George Boole in his first book The Mathematical Analysis of Logic (1847), and set forth more fully in his An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854).[1] According to Huntington the term "Boolean algebra" was first suggested by Sheffer in 1913.[2] Boolean algebra has been fundamental in the development of digital electronics, and is provided for in all modern programming languages. It is also used in set theory and statistics.[3] History[edit] In the 1930s, while studying switching circuits, Claude Shannon observed that one could also apply the rules of Boole's algebra in this setting, and he introduced switching algebra as a way to analyze and design circuits by algebraic means in terms of logic gates. Values[edit] As with elementary algebra, the purely equational part of the theory may be developed without considering explicit values for the variables.[12] Operations[edit] Basic operations[edit] The basic operations of Boolean algebra are as follows. J.

Category:Cybernetics The main article for this category is Cybernetics. Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary approach for exploring regulatory systems with feedback, their structures, constraints, and possibilities. Cybernetics is relevant to the study of systems, such as mechanical, physical, biological, cognitive, and social. Subcategories This category has the following 14 subcategories, out of 14 total. Pages in category "Cybernetics" The following 122 pages are in this category, out of 122 total. Henri Poincaré French mathematician, physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science Jules Henri Poincaré (,[4] ;[5][6][7] French: [ɑ̃ʁi pwɛ̃kaʁe] ( listen);[8][9] 29 April 1854 – 17 July 1912) was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science. As a mathematician and physicist, he made many original fundamental contributions to pure and applied mathematics, mathematical physics, and celestial mechanics.[11] In his research on the three-body problem, Poincaré became the first person to discover a chaotic deterministic system which laid the foundations of modern chaos theory. Poincaré made clear the importance of paying attention to the invariance of laws of physics under different transformations, and was the first to present the Lorentz transformations in their modern symmetrical form. The Poincaré group used in physics and mathematics was named after him. Life[edit] Education[edit] First scientific achievements[edit] Career[edit] Students[edit] Death[edit] Work[edit]

Category:Artificial life From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Biology portal Artificial life is an interdisciplinary line of research (largely between computer science and biology, but with applications in wide areas including economics and archeology) with the aim to create living or lifelike artificial systems, either in the form of computer programs or in the form of robots. Subcategories This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. Pages in category "Artificial life" The following 42 pages are in this category, out of 42 total. Alex Faickney Osborn Alex Faickney Osborn (May 24, 1888 – May 5, 1966) was an advertising executive and the author of the creativity technique named brainstorming. Founding of BBDO[edit] In 1919, Osborn joined with Bruce Fairchild Barton and Roy Sarles Durstine to form the BDO advertising agency. Osborn acted as manager of BDO's Buffalo branch. Creativity theorist[edit] Osborn became increasingly active as an author, and published several books on creative thinking. In 1954, Osborn set up the Creative Education Foundation, sustained by the royalties earned from his books. Notable advertising work[edit] Books[edit] A Short Course in Advertising, London, New York: Sir I. Osborn also contributed frequently to trade publications such as Printer's Ink. Family life[edit] On September 15, 1916, he married Helen Coatsworth, the daughter of a wealthy Buffalo lawyer. Sources[edit] Bruce Fairchild Barton, Roy Sarles Durstine, and Alex Faickney Osborn, Joan Vidal, João Lins. References[edit] 3.

Workplace robotics safety Workplace robotics safety is an aspect of occupational safety and health when robots are used in the workplace. This includes traditional industrial robots as well as emerging technologies such as drone aircraft and wearable robotic exoskeletons. Types of accidents include collisions, crushing, and injuries from mechanical parts. Hazard controls include physical barriers, good work practices, and proper maintenance. Background[edit] Many workplace robots are industrial robots used in manufacturing. Safety standards are being developed by the Robotic Industries Association (RIA) in conjunction with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Hazards[edit] Many hazards and injuries can result from the use of robots in the workplace. There are four types of accidents that can occur with robots: impact or collision accidents, crushing and trapping accidents, mechanical part accidents, and other accidents. Emerging technologies[edit] Hazard controls[edit] Regulations[edit] References[edit]

Arya (Buddhism) The term is used in the following contexts: The Four Noble Truths are called the catvāry ārya satyāni (Sanskrit) or cattāri ariya saccāni (Pali).The Noble Eightfold Path is called the ārya mārga (Sanskrit, also āryāṣṭāṅgikamārga) or ariya magga (Pāli).Buddha's Dharma and Vinaya are the ariyassa dhammavinayo.In Buddhist texts, the āryas are those who have the Buddhist śīla (Pāli sīla, meaning "virtue") and follow the Buddhist path.Buddhists who have attained one of the four levels of awakening (stream-entry, once-returner, non-returner, arahant) are themselves called ariya puggalas (Arya persons). In the context of the four noble truths, contemporary scholars explain the meaning of ārya as follows: The word "noble," or ariya, is used by the Buddha to designate a particular type of person, the type of person which it is the aim of his teaching to create. In the discourses the Buddha classifies human beings into two broad categories.

Virtual fixture Overlay of augmented sensory information upon a user's perception of a real environment A virtual fixture is an overlay of augmented sensory information upon a user's perception of a real environment in order to improve human performance in both direct and remotely manipulated tasks. Developed in the early 1990s by Louis Rosenberg at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Virtual Fixtures was a pioneering platform in virtual reality and augmented reality technologies. History[edit] Virtual Fixtures was first developed by Louis Rosenberg in 1992 at the USAF Armstrong Labs, resulting in the first immersive augmented reality system ever built.[1][2][3][4][5] Because 3D graphics were too slow in the early 1990s to present a photorealistic and spatially-registered augmented reality, Virtual Fixtures used two real physical robots, controlled by a full upper-body exoskeleton worn by the user. Concept[edit] When the Virtual Fixture concept was proposed to the U.S. . . as: If If the constant

Dharma Key concept in Indian philosophy and Eastern religions, with multiple meanings Dharma (;[7] Sanskrit: dharma, pronounced [dʱɐrmɐ] ( listen); Pali: dhamma) is a key concept with multiple meanings in Indian religions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and others.[8] Although there is no direct single-word translation for dharma in European languages,[9] it is commonly translated as "righteousness", "merit" or "religious and moral duties" governing individual conduct.[11] In Hinduism, dharma is one of the four components of the Puruṣārtha, the aims of life, and signifies behaviours that are considered to be in accord with Ṛta, the order that makes life and universe possible.[12][note 1] It includes duties, rights, laws, conduct, virtues and "right way of living".[13] In Buddhism, dharma means "cosmic law and order",[12][14] as expressed by the teachings of the Buddha.[12][14] In Buddhist philosophy, dhamma/dharma is also the term for "phenomena".[15][note 2] Etymology[edit] In Pali