Cancer
Cancer The causes of cancer are diverse, complex, and only partially understood. Many things are known to increase the risk of cancer, including tobacco use, dietary factors, certain infections, exposure to radiation, lack of physical activity, obesity, and environmental pollutants.[2] These factors can directly damage genes or combine with existing genetic faults within cells to cause cancerous mutations.[3] Approximately 5–10% of cancers can be traced directly to inherited genetic defects.[4] Many cancers could be prevented by not smoking, eating more vegetables, fruits and whole grains, eating less meat and refined carbohydrates, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising, minimizing sunlight exposure, and being vaccinated against some infectious diseases.[2][5] Cancer can be detected in a number of ways, including the presence of certain signs and symptoms, screening tests, or medical imaging. Definitions There is no one definition that describes all cancers. Signs and symptoms Causes
Psoriasis
No cure is available for psoriasis,[6] but various treatments can help to control the symptoms.[10][11] Though many treatments are available, psoriasis can be difficult to treat due to its chronic recurrent nature. The effectiveness and safety of a new generation of targeted immune therapies is being established with randomized controlled trials, and several have been approved (or rejected for safety concerns) by regulatory authorities. Signs and symptoms[edit] Plaque[edit] Psoriatic plaque, showing a silvery center surrounded by a reddened border. Psoriasis vulgaris (also known as chronic stationary psoriasis or plaque-like psoriasis) is the most common form and affects 85%–90% of people with psoriasis.[12] Plaque psoriasis typically appears as raised areas of inflamed skin covered with silvery-white scaly skin. A person's arm covered with plaque psoriasis Pustular[edit] Other skin lesions[edit] Psoriatic arthritis[edit] Nail changes[edit] Psoriasis of a fingernail, with visible pitting.
Diabetes mellitus type 1
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (also known as type 1 diabetes, or T1DM; formerly insulin dependent diabetes or juvenile diabetes) is a form of diabetes mellitus that results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.[2] The subsequent lack of insulin leads to increased blood and urine glucose. The classical symptoms are polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased hunger), and weight loss.[3] While lack of care could be lethal, administration of insulin remains essential for the survival of these patients. Insulin therapy must be continued indefinitely and does not usually impair normal daily activities. Patients are usually trained to manage their disease independently; however, for some this can be challenging. Type 1 diabetes can lead to a number of complications, both in the short term and in the long term. Signs and symptoms[edit] Overview of the most significant symptoms of diabetes Cause[edit] Genetics[edit]
Coeliac disease
Coeliac disease, also spelled celiac disease, is an autoimmune disorder affecting primarily the small intestine that occurs in people who are genetically predisposed.[1] Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic diarrhoea, abdominal distention, malabsorption, loss of appetite, and among children failure to grow normally. This often begins between six months and two years of age.[2] Non-classic symptoms are the most common, especially in people older than two years.[3][4][5] There may be mild or absent gastrointestinal symptoms, a wide number of symptoms involving any part of the body, or no obvious symptoms.[2] Coeliac disease was first described in childhood;[3][6] however, it may develop at any age.[2][3] It is associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as diabetes mellitus type 1 and thyroiditis, among others.[6] Signs and symptoms[edit] Gastrointestinal[edit] Malabsorption-related[edit] Miscellaneous[edit] Cause[edit] Other grains[edit] Risk modifiers[edit]
