Relative Clauses

Content How to form relative clauses Level: lower intermediate Relative pronouns Level: lower intermediate Subject pronouns or Object pronouns? Level: lower intermediate Relative adverbs Level: intermediate Defining relative clauses Level: lower intermediate Non-defining relative clauses Level: upper intermediate How to shorten relative clauses Level: intermediate Exercises and Tests Exercises and tests on relative clauses We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another sentence. How to Form Relative Clauses Level: lower intermediate Imagine, a girl is talking to Tom. A girl is talking to Tom. That sounds rather complicated, doesn't it? Do you know the girl … As your friend cannot know which girl you are talking about, you need to put in the additional information – the girl is talking to Tom. Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom? Relative Pronouns Level: lower intermediate Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun? the apple which is lying on the table Related: Test Exercises - all classes!

Participle Clauses 1 Reduced Relative Clauses (Download this page in PDF here.) (Click here for information about participle adjectives.) We can use participle clauses after a noun in the same way as relative clauses. 1: A present participle (verb + ing) can be used in the same way as an active relative clause: The man driving the car is a friend of mine.(= The man who is driving the car is a friend of mine). The present participle can replace any active tense, not just the present continuous tense: Lorries coming over the bridge have to be careful of the wind.(= Lorries that come over the bridge have to be careful of the wind).Who was the girl wearing the red dress? 2: A past participle can be used in the same way as a simple passive relative clause: 3: 'Being + past participle' can be used in the same way as a continuous passive relative clause: Things to notice: 1: We generally don't use perfect participles ('having + past participle') in this case. Not: Who was the girl dropping the coffee? Try an exercise!

ESL Activities Games Worksheets Simple Present vs. Present Progressive Exercises and tests Form See also explanations on Simple Present and Present Progressive Use In general or right now? Do you want to express that something happens in general or that something is happening right now? Timetable / Schedule or arrangement? Do you want to express that something is arranged for the near future? Daily routine or just for a limited period of time? Do you want to talk about a daily routine? Certain Verbs The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present (not in the progressive form). state: be, cost, fit, mean, suitExample: We are on holiday. possession: belong, haveExample: Sam has a cat. senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touchExample: He feels the cold. feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wishExample: Jane loves pizza. brain work: believe, know, think, understandExample: I believe you. Exercies on Simple Present and Present Progressive Tests on Simple Present and Present Progressive

In Spite of, Despite and Although ‘in spite of’, ‘despite’ and ‘although’ are all used to show contrast and are used for the same meaning. The only difference is the way they are used; the structure in which they are used. ‘in spite of’ and ‘despite’ are placed in front of a noun or pronoun: We had a great time in spite of the rain. We had a great time despite the rain. Despite studying very hard, he still didn’t pass the exam. ‘despite’ does NOT have ‘of’ after it: Despite the rough weather they still set sail. ‘although’ is used in front of a subject and a verb: We had a great time although it rained. If ‘in spite of’ and ‘despite’ are used in front of the phrase ‘the fact that’ then they can be used with a subject and a verb: In spite of the fact that he studied very hard, he still didn’t pass the exam. ‘even though’ can be used the same way as ‘although’. Lesson by Tristan, teacher at EC Malta English school Use ‘in spite of’, despite’ or ‘although’ for these sentences:

Active / Passive Verb Forms Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and "passive forms." You must learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English. Active Form In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. [Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action] Examples: Passive Form In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. [Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action] Active / Passive Overview Your personal online English school.

All Things Grammar - Home Use of English: Tenses Kangaroo injures Australian politician May 18, 2013 A kangaroo (1)(injure) Australian politician Shane Rattenbury in the Australian capital, Canberra, on Thursday. Mr. Rattenbury (2)(take) a morning jog in the Canberra suburb of Ainslie when the kangaroo (3)(surprise) him, and in the ensuing confrontation Mr. Eslflow's English language teaching resource for ideas and lessons plans. Upper-intermediate use of English - Exercise 3: Kangaroo injures Australian politician Kangaroo injures Australian politician Saturday, May 18, 2013A kangaroo injured Australian politician Shane Rattenbury in the Australian (1), Canberra, on Thursday. Mr. Rattenbury was taking a morning (2) in the Canberra suburb of Ainslie when the kangaroo surprised him, and in the ensuing (3), Mr. Rattenbury was scratched several (4) on the leg. By Mr Rattenbury's (5), the kangaroo was an eastern grey kangaroo, which is a common (6) in Australia.

ESL Printables: English worksheets, lesson plans and other resources Upper-intermediate use of English - Exercise 3 Woman gives birth on New Jersey PATH train Tuesday, January 17, 2012A New Jersey woman, 31-year-old Rabita Sarker, gave birth on a moving Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) train yesterday morning. She and her husband Aditya Saurabh were heading (1) St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital in Manhattan (2) a "practice run". She gave birth (3) the Journal Square and 33rd Street stations at 9:49 am ET. Sarker boarded the Manhattan-bound PATH train at Journal Square (4) experiencing labor pains. (5) first she believed these were false, (6) soon realized she was (7) fact giving birth.

Advanced English - Grammar Test 1 She shouldn't have broken that glass. Correct IncorrectBut I did do my homework! Correct IncorrectWhere is the book what I got for my birthday? Correct IncorrectWalking in the garden, it began to rain. Correct IncorrectWe were to have tea here. Correct IncorrectShe is a most energetic woman. Tenses I can't find my dictionary; I wonder whether Mary _____ it now. have had is having hasI'm sorry, I can't talk to you any longer because I _____ dinner. was making make 'm making 've madeWhile everyone else _____, she _____ quietly in the kitchen. laughed - cryed laughed - was cried was laughed - cried was laughing - was cryingThat house is in a terrible state!

T053-All tenses - English Grammar Exercises T053-All tenses Gap-fill exercise Fill in all the gaps, then press "Check" to check your answers. Use the "Hint" button to get a free letter if an answer is giving you trouble. Choose the correct form of the verb! Why to John when I saw you at the cafeteria yesterday? The doctor said that Tom too sick to go to work (BE) You look great!