De la naissance à la chute de l'empire romain Cette carte fait partie d’un ensemble de 8 cartes animées portant sur Rome et son empire Rome, à l’origine modeste cité d’Italie, finit par dominer l’ensemble de la Méditerranée. La ville a d'abord connu la royauté, puis la République et enfin l'Empire. De -753 à -509 Rome est gouvernée par des rois. Après Romulus le fondateur légendaire, viennent des rois d'origine sabine, puis des rois étrusques dont le dernier est Tarquin le Superbe. Sous la République la ville est gouvernée par le sénat, aux mains des patriciens*, et par deux consuls* élus chaque année. Rome s’agrandit peu à peu en luttant contre ses voisins, les Latins* et les Étrusques*, puis en occupant le sud de la péninsule où les Grecs ont fondé de nombreuses colonies. Au cours des Guerres puniques, Rome combat Carthage, et s’approprie progressivement ses territoires en Méditerranée occidentale. À l’ouest, Rome pénètre en Gaule méridionale et s’empare d’une large partie de l’Espagne. Le plus célèbre d’entre eux est Jules César.
sans titre Sénèque dans Epistula 14 XC raconte à sa manière l’invention de la meule à broyer le grain : le sage aurait imité un processus naturel ! Lisez plutôt ! Deinde non est contentus his artibus, sed in pistrinum sapientem summittit; narrat enim quemadmodum rerum naturam imitatus panem coeperit facere. ‘Receptas’ inquit ‘in os fruges concurrens inter se duritia dentium frangit, et quidquid excidit ad eosdem dentes lingua refertur; tunc umore miscetur ut facilius per fauces lubricas transeat; cum peruenit in uentrem, aequali eius feruore concoquitur; tunc demum corpori accedit. Mais, non content de leur avoir attribué ces découvertes, il abaisse le sage jusqu’à le transformer en boulanger. Sur la terre était répandu un pauvre monceau de blé ; il en prend pour lui autant qu’en contenait sa mesure, qui peut renfermer le poids de deux fois huit livres.
Villa d'Este, Tivoli Villa d'Este, Tivoli The Villa d'Este in Tivoli, with its palace and garden, is one of the most remarkable and comprehensive illustrations of Renaissance culture at its most refined. Its innovative design along with the architectural components in the garden (fountains, ornamental basins, etc.) make this a unique example of an Italian 16th-century garden. The Villa d'Este, one of the first giardini delle meraviglie , was an early model for the development of European gardens. La Villa d'Este à Tivoli avec son palais et son jardin est un des témoignages les plus remarquables et complets de la culture de la Renaissance dans ce qu'elle a de plus raffiné. La Villa d'Este, de par sa conception novatrice et l'ingéniosité des ouvrages architecturaux de son jardin (fontaines, bassins, etc.), est un exemple incomparable de jardin italien du XVIe siècle. فيلاّ ديستي، تيفولي source: UNESCO/ERI 提沃利城的伊斯特别墅 提沃利城的伊斯特别墅及其宫殿和花园，全面系统而鲜明地反映了最精致的文艺复兴文化。 Вилла д`Эсте в Тиволи Villa d’Este (Tívoli) ティヴォリのエステ家別荘
A glimpse of teenage life in ancient Rome - Ray Laurence Early Christian Catacombs - Rome, Italy The Early Christian catacombs are one of the most interesting and most popular sights in Rome. Forming an underground maze in the outskirts of the city, the catacombs provide a rare glimpse into the earliest centuries of Christianity. In addition to the countless burial chambers that line the tunnels, the catacombs are home to some of the earliest examples of Christian art. History The burial custom of most ancient Romans tended to be cremation, with ashes stored in urns. The catacombs had other advantages as well: they were an ideal way to strengthen the sense of Christian community (both in life and death) and they provided quiet, out-of-the-way places for memorial ceremonies and displaying Christian symbols. The first large-scale Christian catacombs were excavated in the 2nd century AD. Many modern depictions of the catacombs show them as hiding places for Christian populations during times of persecution, but there is little evidence for this. What to See Map Data Map References
Timgad Valeur universelle exceptionnelle Brève synthèse Dans un site montagneux d'une grande beauté, au nord du massif de l'Aurès, à 480 km au sud-est d'Alger, et à 110 km au sud de Constantine, Timgad offre l'exemple achevé d'une colonie militaire romaine créée ex nihilo. La Colonia Marciana Traiana Thamugadi fut fondée en l'an 100 de notre ère par Trajan, probablement pour servir de campement à la 3ème Légion Auguste qui, par la suite, fut cantonnée à Lambèse. Colonie forte et prospère, Timgad se devait de donner une image saisissante de la grandeur romaine en terre numide. Critère (ii) : Le site de Timgad, par son régime de camp militaire romain, son modèle urbanistique planifié et son type d'architecture civile et militaire particulier reflète un profond échange d'idées, de technologies et de traditions exercées par le pouvoir central de Rome sur la colonisation des hautes plaines de l'Algérie antique. Intégrité La clarification des limites du bien a été soumise mais doit encore être revue.
Parque del Retiro, Madrid The Parque del Buen Retiro is the most popular park in Madrid. It can get crowded during weekends when many Madrilenian families go for a stroll in the park and street musicians, sidewalk painters, fortune tellers, jugglers and street performers animate the crowd. A Royal Park The Retiro Park was created as a royal park; it belonged to the Real Sitio del Buen Retiro palace. is partially laid out in a formal French style, while other parts are more natural. Museo del Ejército Of the original palace, only two buildings survived, the rest was destroyed during the Napoleonic wars. Alfonso XII Monument is the cross that Columbus took with him to the New World. The Lake Close to the northern entrance of the Parque del Retiro is a large artificial lake, the Estanque del Retiro. Palacio de Cristal equestrian statue of the King in front. Palacios More to the south is another, much smaller lake. Palacio de Velázquez Satan Another feature of the park is the Rose Garden, the Rosaleda. Location
Acropolis Virtual Tour The Virtual Tour of the Acropolis is a web application based on HTML5 technologies (webGL and CSS3D) to display effectively panoramic photographic images in desktop and mobile browsers. The production of panoramic photomosaics at resolutions of several gigapixels was realised between 2010 and 2014 by employing established practices of digital image acquisition and processing. In order to achieve the best possible mapping of natural lighting on the monuments together with the display of shaded details, High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging techniques were used for capturing and combining different exposure levels of the same theme. Starting from the RAW photos all the way up to the combined and color-corrected finalised panoramas, all intermediate outputs were maintained in order to be able to reproduce and control the entire manufacturing process for future reference. The krpano viewer and revelant tools are used for the display of the panoramic images within the application.
Puerta del Sol, Madrid The Plaza Puerta del Sol is the perfect starting point to explore Madrid. This bustling, centrally located square is one of the city's most lively places. Now the heart of Madrid's historic center, this site used to be on the eastern border of the city. Today the mostly car-free square is constantly bustling with people. Casa de Correos nearby such as the Plaza Mayor, the Opera House and the Plaza de Cibeles. In the middle of the Puerta del Sol is a large equestrian statue of King Carlos III, installed here in 1997. Kilometer 0 In the 19th century the building housed the Interior Ministry. In front of the Casa de Correos, on the pavement, is the 'kilometer 0' plaque, marking the center of the Spanish road network. El Oso y El Madroño It is the starting point from where all the highway distances are measured. The Puerta del Sol is also the location of the most famous symbol of Madrid: a 20 ton statue of a bear eating fruits from a tree.
Almudena Cathedral, Madrid Madrid's cathedral, The Cathedral de la Almudena, took more than 100 years to complete. It was finally consecrated by pope John-Paul II in 1993. Soon after King Philips II made Madrid the capital of Spain in 1561, he wanted a cathedral for his new capital. Partly due to political turbulences and strong opposition by the powerful archdiocese of the then larger city Toledo, the construction was constantly postponed. In 1883 construction finally starts and one year later, Madrid becomes a diocese thanks to Pope Leo XIII. Construction progressed slowly and even came to a complete halt during the civil war in the 1930s. Main nave style would contrast with the neo classical style of the future cathedral's famous neighbor, the Royal Palace. While works would continue until 1999, the Almudena cathedral was officially declared complete in 1993. Pope John-Paul II That same year pope John-Paul II consecrated the new cathedral. The cathedral is 104m long and 76m wide.
Duomo di Firenze, Florence The Duomo di Firenze, the Florence Cathedral, was built between 1296 and 1436. The cathedral is one of the largest in the world. Its imposing dome, attributed to the Florentine architect Filippo Brunelleschi, still dominates the city. Cathedral Florence Cathedral The Cathedral of Florence, officially known as Cattedrale Santa Maria del Fiore but better known as the Duomo, was originally planned in 1296 as a Gothic cathedral by Arnolfo di Cambio. The new cathedral symbolized Florence's growing importance and was to be significantly larger than its predecessor. Front facade Francesco Talenti, who lead the construction of the cathedral from 1351 on increased its size even more by expanding the apses and extending the nave. Construction of the church would last until 1436 when it was consecrated by pope Eugene IV. Ceiling fresco The cathedral's interior is less colorful and decorations were kept to a minimum. The dome Dome The campanile Campanile Baptistery Baptistery Ceiling mosaics Gates of Paradise