Ruby Programming Language Quantification In logic, quantification is the binding of a variable ranging over a domain of discourse. The variable thereby becomes bound by an operator called a quantifier. Academic discussion of quantification refers more often to this meaning of the term than the preceding one. Natural language[edit] All known human languages make use of quantification (Wiese 2004). Every glass in my recent order was chipped.Some of the people standing across the river have white armbands.Most of the people I talked to didn't have a clue who the candidates were.A lot of people are smart. The words in italics are quantifiers. The study of quantification in natural languages is much more difficult than the corresponding problem for formal languages. Montague grammar gives a novel formal semantics of natural languages. Logic[edit] In language and logic, quantification is a construct that specifies the quantity of specimens in the domain of discourse that apply to (or satisfy) an open formula. Mathematics[edit] . means
TextMate — The Missing Editor for Mac OS X Notation Standard notations refer to general agreements in the way things are written or denoted. The term is generally used in technical and scientific areas of study like mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, but can also be seen in areas like business, economics and music. Written communication[edit] Phonographic writing systems, by definition, use symbols to represent components of auditory language, i.e. speech, which in turn refers to things or ideas. The five main kinds of phonographic notational system are the alphabet and syllabary. Some written languages are more consistent in their correlation of written symbol or grapheme and sound or phoneme, and are therefore considered to have better phonemic orography.Ideographic writing, by definition, refers to things or ideas independently of their pronunciation in any language. Biology and Medicine[edit] Chemistry[edit] Computing[edit] Logic[edit] A variety of symbols are used to express logical ideas; see the List of logic symbols
SQLite Home Page Signature (logic) In logic, especially mathematical logic, a signature lists and describes the non-logical symbols of a formal language. In universal algebra, a signature lists the operations that characterize an algebraic structure. In model theory, signatures are used for both purposes. Signatures play the same role in mathematics as type signatures in computer programming. They are rarely made explicit in more philosophical treatments of logic. Formally, a (single-sorted) signature can be defined as a triple σ = (Sfunc, Srel, ar), where Sfunc and Srel are disjoint sets not containing any other basic logical symbols, called respectively function symbols (examples: +, ×, 0, 1) andrelation symbols or predicates (examples: ≤, ∈), and a function ar: Sfunc Srel → which assigns a non-negative integer called arity to every function or relation symbol. A signature with no function symbols is called a relational signature, and a signature with no relation symbols is called an algebraic signature. Symbol types S.
Interactive Ruby Shell irb [ options ] [ programfile ] [ argument... ] Example usage: irb(main):001:0> n = 5=> 5 irb(main):002:0> def fact(n) irb(main):003:1> if n <= 1 irb(main):004:2> 1 irb(main):005:2> else irb(main):006:2* n * fact(n - 1) irb(main):007:2> end irb(main):008:1> end=> nil irb(main):009:0> fact(n)=> 120 See also[edit] Comparison of computer shells External links[edit] First-order logic A theory about some topic is usually first-order logic together with a specified domain of discourse over which the quantified variables range, finitely many functions which map from that domain into it, finitely many predicates defined on that domain, and a recursive set of axioms which are believed to hold for those things. Sometimes "theory" is understood in a more formal sense, which is just a set of sentences in first-order logic. The adjective "first-order" distinguishes first-order logic from higher-order logic in which there are predicates having predicates or functions as arguments, or in which one or both of predicate quantifiers or function quantifiers are permitted.[1] In first-order theories, predicates are often associated with sets. In interpreted higher-order theories, predicates may be interpreted as sets of sets. First-order logic is the standard for the formalization of mathematics into axioms and is studied in the foundations of mathematics. Introduction[edit] . x in .
Git El mantenimiento del software Git está actualmente (2009) supervisado por Junio Hamano, quien recibe contribuciones al código de alrededor de 280 programadores. Características[editar] El diseño de Git se basó en BitKeeper y en Monotone. [4] [5] El diseño de Git resulta de la experiencia del diseñador de Linux, Linus Torvalds, manteniendo una enorme cantidad de código distribuida y gestionada por mucha gente, que incide en numerosos detalles de rendimiento, y de la necesidad de rapidez en una primera implementación. Entre las características más relevantes se encuentran: Véase también[editar] Referencias[editar] Enlaces externos[editar] Sitio web oficial
Hydrogen Chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1; lightest and most abundant chemical substance in the universe Chemical element, symbol H and atomic number 1 Hydrogen is nonmetallic, except at extremely high pressures, and readily forms a single covalent bond with most nonmetallic elements, forming compounds such as water and nearly all organic compounds. Hydrogen plays a particularly important role in acid–base reactions because these reactions usually involve the exchange of protons between soluble molecules. Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century by the reaction of acids on metals. Industrial production is mainly from steam reforming natural gas, and less often from more energy-intensive methods such as the electrolysis of water.[12] Most hydrogen is used near the site of its production, the two largest uses being fossil fuel processing (e.g., hydrocracking) and ammonia production, mostly for the fertilizer market. Properties Combustion Flame Reactants
What is a homunculus and what does it tell scientists A homunculus is a sensory map of your body, so it looks like an oddly proportioned human. The reason it's oddly proportioned is that a homunculus represents each part of the body in proportion to its number of sensory neural connections and not its actual size. The layout of the sensory neural connections throughout your body determines the level of sensitivity each area of your body has, so the hands on a sensory homunculus are its largest body parts, exaggerated to an almost comical degree, while the arms are quite skinny. The homunculus, then, gives a vivid picture of where our sensory system gets the most bang for its buck. Chemoreceptors, which sense chemicals.
Sensory homunculus: cortical homunculus, Motor Homunculus | Personal development blog: well-being, happiness Sensory homunculus, cortical homunculus, Motor Homunculus are different ways to call a graphical representation of the anatomical divisions of the the portion (primary motor cortex and the primary somatosensory cortex) of the human brain directly responsible for the movement and exchange of sense and motor information of the rest of the body. We see the image below, courtesy of McGill university. Sensory homunculus, cortical homunculus, Motor Homunculus Always on McGill University website we find the explanation: “Dr. Penfield‘s experiments in stimulating the cortex enabled him to develop a complete map of the motor cortex, known as the motor homunculus (there are also other kinds, such as the sensory homunculus). Another way to portray this map is with a 3D human body, with disproportionately huge hands, lips, and face in comparison to the rest of the body. Sensory homunculus: cortical homunculus, Motor Homunculus