A new approach to water desalination The availability of fresh water is dwindling in many parts of the world, a problem that is expected to grow with populations. One promising source of potable water is the world’s virtually limitless supply of seawater, but so far desalination technology has been too expensive for widespread use. Now, MIT researchers have come up with a new approach using a different kind of filtration material: sheets of graphene, a one-atom-thick form of the element carbon, which they say can be far more efficient and possibly less expensive than existing desalination systems. When water molecules (red and white) and sodium and chlorine ions (green and purple) in saltwater, on the right, encounter a sheet of graphene (pale blue, center) perforated by holes of the right size, the water passes through (left side), but the sodium and chlorine of the salt are blocked.Graphic: David Cohen-Tanugi One common method of desalination, called reverse osmosis, uses membranes to filter the salt from the water.
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Perforene: A Graphene Water Filter 100 Times More Efficient Graphene’s Chicken-Wire Lattice Shape, Perfect for Admitting Water Molecules, and Nothing Else Lack of freshwater is becoming an increasingly desperate situation, typical desalination is energy intensive and expensive, but a graphene water filter could be 100x more efficient. Graphene, a nanoscale material made up of pure carbon, is just one atom thick. A typical water filter would do nothing to take salt from seawater, but graphene’s molecular filtering works down to the size of a salt molecule, and salt is just too big to fit through the mesh. Current desalination is an energy intensive process known as reverse osmosis. Molecular filtering using graphene could find applications in the medical field, such as dialysis machines.
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Hacking Home Automation Systems Through Your Power Lines | Threat Level The X10 jammer designed by researchers to hack home automation systems through power lines. Photo courtesy of David Kennedy and Rob Simon LAS VEGAS – Hacking the grid took on new meaning at the DefCon hacker conference on Friday when two independent security researchers demonstrated two tools they designed to hack home and business automation and security systems that operate though power lines. The automation systems let users control a multitude of devices, such as lights, electronic locks, heating and air conditioning systems, and security alarms and cameras. The problem is that all of these signals are sent unencrypted, and the systems don’t require devices connected to them to be authenticated. “None of the manufacturers have implemented really any security whatsoever on these devices,” said Dave Kennedy, one of the researchers. Kennedy, aka Rel1k, and Rob Simon, aka Kc57, spent two months researching and designing their open-source tools to conduct the hacks.