Sound
A drum produces sound via a vibrating membrane. Sound is a vibration that propagates as a mechanical wave of pressure and displacement, through some medium (such as air or water). Sometimes sound refers to only those vibrations with frequencies that are within the range of hearing for humans[1] or for a particular animal. Acoustics[edit] Acoustics is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound. Physics of sound[edit] Propagation of sound[edit] The behavior of sound propagation is generally affected by three things: A relationship between density and pressure. When sound is moving through a medium that does not have constant physical properties, it may be refracted (either dispersed or focused).[4] Spherical compression (longitudinal) waves Longitudinal and transverse waves[edit] Sound wave properties and characteristics[edit] Speed of sound[edit] U.S. to . = density. Human ear
Elements of Music
Elements of Music: Sounds may be perceived as pleasant or unpleasant. What are these sounds that we hear? -Sound begins with the vibration of an object, such as a table that is pounded or a string that is plucked. -The vibrations are transmitted to our ears by a medium, which is usually air -As a result of the vibrations, our eardrums start vibrating too, and impulses, or signals, are transmitted to the brain. -Music is part of this world of sound, an art based on the organization of sounds in time. Properties of musical sounds: -We distinguish music from other sounds by recognizing the four main properties of musical sounds: pitch, dynamics (loudness or softness), tone color, and duration. Duration: the length of time a musical sound lasts Pitch is the relative highness or lowness that we hear in a sound -The pitch of a sound is determined by the frequency of its vibrations. -The faster the vibrations, the higher the pitch; the slower the vibrations, the lower the pitch. Tone Color The Triad
Music Dictionary
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Rhythm
Compound triple drum pattern: divides three beats into three. Play Contains repetition on three levels. In the performance arts rhythm is the timing of events on a human scale; of musical sounds and silences, of the steps of a dance, or the meter of spoken language and poetry. Rhythm may also refer to visual presentation, as "timed movement through space Anthropology[edit] Percussion instruments have clearly defined dynamics that aid the creation and perception of complex rhythms In his series How Music Works, Howard Goodall presents theories that human rhythm recalls the regularity with which we walk and the heartbeat. Some types of parrots can know rhythm.[9] Neurologist Oliver Sacks states that chimpanzees and other animals show no similar appreciation of rhythm yet posits that human affinity for rhythm is fundamental, so that a person's sense of rhythm cannot be lost (e.g. by stroke).[10] Human rhythmic arts are possibly to some extent rooted in courtship ritual.[11] Terminology[edit]
Music Dictionary Musical Terms Musical Dictionary Music Terms
Melody
The true goal of music—its proper enterprise—is melody. All the parts of harmony have as their ultimate purpose only beautiful melody. Therefore the question of which is the more significant, melody or harmony, is futile. Elements[edit] Given the many and varied elements and styles of melody "many extant explanations [of melody] confine us to specific stylistic models, and they are too exclusive The melodies existing in most European music written before the 20th century, and popular music throughout the 20th century, featured "fixed and easily discernible frequency patterns", recurring "events, often periodic, at all structural levels" and "recurrence of durations and patterns of durations".[3] Melodies in the 20th century "utilized a greater variety of pitch resources than ha[d] been the custom in any other historical period of Western music." Examples[edit] Different musical styles use melody in different ways. See also[edit] References[edit] Further reading[edit] Apel, Willi.
Harmony
Barbershop quartets, such as this US Navy group, sing 4-part pieces, made up of a melody line (normally the lead) and 3 harmony parts. Etymology and definitions[edit] The term harmony derives from the Greek ἁρμονία (harmonía), meaning "joint, agreement, concord",[4] from the verb ἁρμόζω (harmozo), "to fit together, to join".[5] The term was often used for the whole field of music, while "music" referred to the arts in general. In Ancient Greece, the term defined the combination of contrasted elements: a higher and lower note.[6] Nevertheless, it is unclear whether the simultaneous sounding of notes was part of ancient Greek musical practice; "harmonía" may have merely provided a system of classification of the relationships between different pitches. In the Middle Ages the term was used to describe two pitches sounding in combination, and in the Renaissance the concept was expanded to denote three pitches sounding together.[6] Historical rules[edit] Types[edit] Close position C major triad.
Key (music)
Pieces in modes not corresponding to major or minor keys may sometimes be referred to as being in the key of the tonic. A piece using some other type of harmony, resolving e.g. to A, might be described as "in A" to indicate that A is the tonal center of the piece. An instrument may be said to be "in a key", an unrelated usage meaning it is a transposing instrument. A key relationship is the relationship between keys, measured by common tones and nearness on the circle of fifths. Perfect authentic cadence (V-I [here in V7-I form] with roots in the bass and tonic in the highest voice of the final chord): ii-V7-I progression in C Play . The notes and chords used within a key are generally drawn from the major or minor scale associated with the tonic triad, but may also include borrowed chords, altered chords, secondary dominants, and the like. It should be noted that the key of the piece ... contributes an indefinable something to the evocative quality. Innig, Renate (1970). Key coloration
