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Drake equation

Drake equation
The Drake equation is a probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy. The equation was written in 1961 by Frank Drake not for purposes of quantifying the number of civilizations,[1] but intended as a way to stimulate scientific dialogue at the world's first SETI meeting, in Green Bank, West Virginia. The equation summarizes the main concepts which scientists must contemplate when considering the question of other radio-communicative life.[1] The Drake equation has proved controversial since several of its factors are currently unknown, and estimates of their values span a very wide range. This has led critics to label the equation a guesstimate, or even meaningless. History[edit] In September 1959, physicists Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison published an article in the journal Nature with the provocative title "Searching for Interstellar Communications The equation[edit] The Drake equation is: where: . Related:  UFOs? UAP? Who Goes There? Life in the Beyond...

Why the Government Is Cagey on UFO Matters Three days ago, The New York Times published what appeared to be a bombshell of a story. The report revealed that, from roughly 2007 through 2012, the Department of Defense ran a small program out of the Defense Intelligence Agency known as the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program. The mission was, in short, to look into UFO reports and assess if any of them represented a threat to the United States. Advertisement - Continue Reading Below While wearing the uniform, I had the opportunity to participate in several very interesting, highly-classified efforts. The fact is that the Department of Defense looks at a huge number of things, from the future effects of global warming to the games that Chinese strategists play as kids that may affect their modes of thinking. Getty This is not the first time the Department of Defense has looked into the issue of UFOs. Sure would be interesting to see what they found though.

Brane cosmology Brane cosmology refers to several theories in particle physics and cosmology related to string theory, superstring theory and M-theory. Brane and bulk[edit] The central idea is that the visible, four-dimensional universe is restricted to a brane inside a higher-dimensional space, called the "bulk" (also known as "hyperspace"). If the additional dimensions are compact, then the observed universe contains the extra dimensions, and then no reference to the bulk is appropriate. Why gravity is weak and the cosmological constant is small[edit] Some versions of brane cosmology, based on the large extra dimension idea, can explain the weakness of gravity relative to the other fundamental forces of nature, thus solving the so-called hierarchy problem. Models of brane cosmology[edit] One of the earliest documented attempts to apply brane cosmology as part of a conceptual theory is dated to 1983.[5] The authors discussed the possibility that the Universe has Empirical tests[edit] See also[edit]

Hundreds of Proofs of God’s Existence NOTE: For real proofs of the nonexistence of any god, see "Why Atheism?" For other evidence, go to Atheists of Silicon Valley debate page . Hundreds of Proofs of God’s Existence Formerly: Over Three Hundred Proofs of God’s Existence Originally adapted from a forum on the Internet Infidels . TRANSCENDENTAL ARGUMENT, a.k.a. (1) If reason exists then God exists. (2) Reason exists. (3) Therefore, God exists. COSMOLOGICAL ARGUMENT, a.k.a. (1) If I say something must have a cause, it has a cause. (2) I say the universe must have a cause. (3) Therefore, the universe has a cause. (4) Therefore, God exists. (1) I define God to be X. (2) Since I can conceive of X, X must exist. (1) I can conceive of a perfect God. (2) One of the qualities of perfection is existence. (1) God is either necessary or unnecessary. (2) God is not unnecessary, therefore God must be necessary. ARGUMENT FROM DESIGN, a.k.a. (1) Check out the world/universe/giraffe. (2) Only God could have made them so complex. ARGUMENT FROM BEAUTY, a.k.a.

Alien Hunters to Investigate Mysterious Interstellar Asteroid The first-ever detection of an asteroid from beyond the solar system revealed a remarkable object. About 400 meters long and only 40 meters wide, 'Oumuamua's axis ratio of 10:1 makes it the most elongated asteroid ever discovered. The highest axis ratio we see for asteroids in the solar system is only about 3:1. The odd shape is perhaps a clue about when the asteroid was flung from its own star during the formation of that solar system, or perhaps it can tell us something about what happens to space rocks when they fly through interstellar space for millions of years. Advertisement - Continue Reading Below And of course there is another remote possibility. Avi Loeb, a professor of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) who has written multiple papers on the search for extraterrestrial life, first brought the unique properties of the object to Yuri Milner's attention, suggesting the object could be artificial.

Ultimate fate of the universe The ultimate fate of the universe is a topic in physical cosmology. Many possible fates are predicted by rival scientific theories, including futures of both finite and infinite duration. Once the notion that the universe started with a rapid inflation nicknamed the Big Bang became accepted by the majority of scientists,[1] the ultimate fate of the universe became a valid cosmological question, one depending upon the physical properties of the mass/energy in the universe, its average density, and the rate of expansion. There is a growing consensus among cosmologists that the universe is flat and will continue to expand forever.[2][3] The ultimate fate of the universe is dependent on the shape of the universe and what role dark energy will play as the universe ages. Emerging scientific basis[edit] Theory[edit] The theoretical scientific exploration of the ultimate fate of the universe became possible with Albert Einstein's 1916 theory of general relativity. Observation[edit] Big Rip[edit]

Notre-Dame de Fátima Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Notre Dame de Fátima sur le blason de la ville. Notre-Dame de Fátima est le vocable sous lequel est invoquée la Vierge Marie telle qu'elle serait apparue à trois enfants à Fátima, petit village du centre du Portugal, à six reprises au cours de l'année 1917. Ces apparitions, dont le message porte sur la prière et les fins dernières, ont d'abord été l'objet de méfiance, aussi bien de la part des autorités civiles que des autorités religieuses. Puis, dès 1930, le succès populaire de ce qui devient un grand centre de pèlerinage est accompagné de la reconnaissance de ces apparitions par l'Église catholique romaine. La fête de Notre-Dame de Fátima a été fixée par le Saint-Siège en 2009, à la date du 13 mai[1], jour anniversaire de la première apparition, le 13 mai 1917. Contexte[modifier | modifier le code] La situation au Portugal[modifier | modifier le code] La Première Guerre mondiale[modifier | modifier le code] Situation géographique

Next-gen exoplanet-hunting spectrograph achieves first light The aggravating thing about science is that data gathering is only as precise and accurate as the least accurate part of the whole system. A simple example of this is measuring an object using a super-accurate set of calipers, then recording the result by making a drawing using a blunt pencil. It doesn't matter how good the calipers are. The same is true for even the most sophisticated of instruments. This is particularly important when it comes to hunting for extra-solar planets revolving about distant stars. An alternative technique for finding smaller planets is called the radial velocity method. For a star without planets, this shift is very simple and symmetrical, but if a planet is orbiting it, it will cause the star to wobble and that will show up in the spectrum. According to ESO, the third-generation ESPRESSO is the instrument for the job. The first tests of ESPRESSO were to look at stars and exoplanet systems that have already undergone extensive observation by HARPS.

Dark flow The researchers had suggested that the motion may be a remnant of the influence of no-longer-visible regions of the universe prior to inflation. Telescopes cannot see events earlier than about 380,000 years after the Big Bang, when the universe became transparent (the Cosmic Microwave Background); this corresponds to the particle horizon at a distance of about 46 billion (4.6×1010) light years. Since the matter causing the net motion in this proposal is outside this range, it would in a certain sense be outside our visible universe; however, it would still be in our past light cone. The results appeared in the October 20, 2008, issue of Astrophysical Journal Letters.[2][3][4][5][non-primary source needed] Since then, the authors have extended their analysis to additional clusters and the recently released WMAP five-year data. Location[edit] The dark flow. Criticisms[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] External links[edit]

Murray-Hill riot The Murray-Hill riot (also known as "Montreal's 'night of terror'") was the culmination of 16 hours of unrest in Montreal, Quebec during a Montreal police strike. Police were motivated to strike because of difficult working conditions caused by disarming separatist-planted bombs and patrolling frequent protests. Montreal police also wanted higher pay, commensurate with police earnings in Toronto. As the police were on strike on October 7, 1969, a crowd of disgruntled taxi drivers congregated around the Murray-Hill garage in Griffintown, protesting against Murray-Hill’s monopoly at the Dorval International Airport. Attempts by the Sûreté du Québec to stop the procession towards the garage were stopped by striking Montreal policemen. During the melée, Sûreté corporal Robert Dumas was killed by shots fired from the roof by security guards and the owner’s son. As the riot was ongoing, the National Assembly of Quebec passed an emergency law forcing the police back to work.

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