Protagoras
Protagoras din Abdera (greacă: Πρωταγόρας, n. 487 î.Hr., d. 420 î.Hr.), a fost un filosof grec, considerat a fi cel mai timpuriu și mai important dintre sofiști. Biografie[modificare | modificare sursă] Originar din Abdera, Tracia, Protagoras și-a petrecut viața în lungi călătorii, întrerupte de popasuri în Atena, unde s-a împrietenit cu Pericle. Scrieri[modificare | modificare sursă] Din bogata sa operă - scrieri de retorică, etică, drept, filosofie și gramatică - nu s-au păstrat decât 20 de rânduri. Protagoras a fost cunoscut ca profesor de retorică și dezbatere, care erau importante în viața socială a Greciei antice. Note[modificare | modificare sursă] Legături externe[modificare | modificare sursă]
Semiotics
Semiotics frequently is seen as having important anthropological dimensions; for example, Umberto Eco proposes that every cultural phenomenon may be studied as communication.[2] Some semioticians focus on the logical dimensions of the science, however. They examine areas belonging also to the life sciences – such as how organisms make predictions about, and adapt to, their semiotic niche in the world (see semiosis). In general, semiotic theories take signs or sign systems as their object of study: the communication of information in living organisms is covered in biosemiotics (including zoosemiotics). Syntactics is the branch of semiotics that deals with the formal properties of signs and symbols.[3] More precisely, syntactics deals with the "rules that govern how words are combined to form phrases and sentences".[4] Terminology[edit] Ferdinand de Saussure, however, founded his semiotics, which he called semiology, in the social sciences: History[edit] Formulations[edit] Branches[edit] Notes
Modality and Representation
Daniel Chandler Modality and Representation Whilst semiotics is often encountered in the form of textual analysis, it also involves philosophical theorising on the role of signs in the construction of reality. Semiotics involves studying representations and the processes involved in representational practices, and to semioticians, 'reality' always involves representation. To semioticians, a defining feature of signs is that they are treated by their users as 'standing for' or representing other things. A Scheme for entirely abolishing all Words whatsoever... was urged as a great Advantage in Point of Health as well as Brevity. But for short Conversations a Man may carry Implements in his Pockets and under his Arms, enough to supply him, and in his House he cannot be at a loss: Therefore the Room where Company meet who practise this Art, is full of all Things ready at Hand, requisite to furnish Matter for this kind of artificial Converse. 3D-flat detailed-abstract colour-monochrome
Parmenides
Parmenides was a Greek philosopher and poet, born of an illustrious family about BCE. 510, at Elea in Lower Italy, and is is the chief representative of the Eleatic philosophy. He was held in high esteem by his fellow-citizens for his excellent legislation, to which they ascribed the prosperity and wealth of the town. He was also admired for his exemplary life. A “Parmenidean life” was proverbial among the Greeks. Parmenides broke with the older Ionic prose tradition by writing in hexameter verse. The Proem opens with Parmenides representing himself as borne on a chariot and attended by the Sunmaidens who have quitted the Halls of Night to guide him on his journey. There is reason to believe that the Way of Belief is an account of Pythagorean cosmology. In any case, the work thus has two divisions. Parmenides goes on to consider in the light of this principle the consequences of saying that anything is. Further, if it is, it simply is, and it cannot be more or less. Author Information
Socrate
Socrate (greacă: Σωκράτης Sōkrátēs; n. cca. 470 î.Hr. – d. 7 mai 399 î.Hr.) a fost un filosof din Grecia antică. Viața lui Socrate[modificare | modificare sursă] Educația[modificare | modificare sursă] Socrate s-a născut la Atena în dema Alopex, în 470 î.Hr., adică la sfârșitul războaielor medice. Mama sa, Phainarete, era moașă; tatăl său, Sophroniscos, era sculptor. Probabil că Socrate a primit educația de care aveau parte tinerii atenieni din vremea sa: a trebuit să învețe muzică, gimnastică și gramatică, adica studiul limbii bazat pe comentarii de texte. Printre maeștrii a căror frecventare ar fi contribuit la formarea gândirii lui Socrate, Maximus din Tyr citează doua femei: Aspasia din Milet (en), o curtezană, și Diotima din Mantineea, o preoteasă. De la Socrate ne-a rămas principiul:"Singurul lucru pe care îl știu este că nu știu nimic". Viața familială[modificare | modificare sursă] Viața politică[modificare | modificare sursă] Caracterul[modificare | modificare sursă]
